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some of them were late

  • 1 some

    some [sʌm]
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       a. ( = a certain amount of, a little) du, de la de l'
    • some tea/ice cream/water du thé/de la glace/de l'eau
    • would you like some more meat? voulez-vous encore un peu de viande ?
       b. ( = a certain number of) des
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    ► de is sometimes used before an adjective.
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
       c. (indefinite) un, une
       d. ( = a certain) if you are worried about some aspect of this proposal... si un aspect quelconque de cette proposition vous préoccupe...
    • in some ways, he's right par certains côtés, il a raison
    • some people say that... il y a des gens qui disent que...
       f. ( = a considerable amount of) it took some courage to do that! il a fallu du courage pour faire ça !
       g. ( = a limited) this will give you some idea of... cela vous donnera une petite idée de...
    • that's some consolation! c'est quand même une consolation !
    • surely there's some hope she will recover? il y a tout de même quelque espoir qu'elle guérisse ?
    • you're some help! (ironic) tu parles d'une aide ! (inf)
    • he says he's my friend -- some friend! (ironic) il dit être mon ami -- drôle d'ami ! (inf)
       a. ( = as opposed to others) certain(e)s m(f)pl
    • some cheered, others shouted abuse certains applaudissaient, d'autres criaient des injures
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    ► Note the use of d'entre with personal pronouns.
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
       b. ( = not all) quelques-un(e)s m(f)pl
    • I don't want them all, but I'd like some je ne les veux pas tous mais j'en voudrais quelques-uns
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    ► Even if not expressed, of them must be translated in French by en.
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
       c. ( = a certain amount or number when object of the verb) en
    • have some! prenez-en !
    • do you need stamps? -- it's okay, I've got some est-ce que tu as besoin de timbres ? -- non, ça va, j'en ai
       d. ( = a part) une partie
    ► ... and then some (inf)
       a. ( = about) environ
       b. ( = a bit) (inf)
    * * *
    Note: When some is used as a quantifier to mean an unspecified amount of something, it is translated by du, de l' before vowel or mute h, de la or des according to the gender and number of the noun that follows: I'd like some bread = je voudrais du pain; have some water = prenez de l'eau; we've bought some beer = nous avons acheté de la bière; they've bought some peaches = ils ont acheté des pêches
    But note that where some is followed by an adjective preceding a plural noun, de alone is used in all cases: some pretty dresses = de jolies robes
    When some is used as a pronoun it is translated by en which is placed before the verb in French: would you like some? = est-ce que vous en voulez?; I've got some = j'en ai
     [sʌm] 1.
    determiner, quantifier
    2) (certain: in contrast to others) certains

    in some ways, I agree — d'une certaine façon, je suis d'accord

    4) (a little, a slight)
    5) péj (an unspecified, unknown)

    a car of some sort —

    6) (colloq) ( a remarkable)

    that's some woman ou man! — c'est quelqu'un!

    7) (colloq) ( not much)

    some help you are! — iron c'est ça que tu appelles aider!

    ‘I'd like the work to be finished by Monday’ - ‘some hope!’ — ‘j'aimerais que le travail soit fini avant lundi’ - ‘tu rêves (colloq)!’

    2.
    2) (certain ones: in contrast to others)
    3.
    1) ( approximately) environ

    some £50 — autour de 50 livres sterling

    2) (colloq) US ( a lot) un peu

    from here to the town center in 5 minutes, that's going some — (colloq) aller d'ici au centre ville en 5 minutes, il faut le faire

    ••

    some people! — ah vraiment, il y a des gens!

    English-French dictionary > some

  • 2 some

    1. adjective
    1) (one or other) [irgend]ein

    some shop/book or other — irgendein Laden/Buch

    some person or other — irgendjemand; irgendwer

    2) (a considerable quantity of) einig...; etlich... (ugs. verstärkend)

    speak at some length/wait for some time — ziemlich lang[e] sprechen/warten

    some time/weeks/days/years ago — vor einiger Zeit/vor einigen Wochen/Tagen/Jahren

    some time soon — bald [einmal]

    3) (a small quantity of) ein bisschen

    would you like some wine? — möchten Sie [etwas] Wein?

    do some shopping/reading — einkaufen/lesen

    4) (to a certain extent)

    that is some proof — das ist [doch] gewissermaßen ein Beweis

    5)

    this is some war/poem/car! — (coll.) das ist vielleicht ein Krieg/Gedicht/Wagen! (ugs.)

    6) (approximately) etwa; ungefähr
    2. pronoun
    einig...

    she only ate some of it — sie hat es nur teilweise aufgegessen

    some say... — manche sagen...

    some..., others... — manche..., andere...; die einen..., andere...

    ... and then some — und noch einige/einiges mehr

    3. adverb
    (coll.): (in some degree) ein bisschen; etwas
    * * *
    1. pronoun, adjective
    1) (an indefinite amount or number (of): I can see some people walking across the field; You'll need some money if you're going shopping; Some of the ink was spilt on the desk.)
    2) ((said with emphasis) a certain, or small, amount or number (of): `Has she any experience of the work?' `Yes, she has some.'; Some people like the idea and some don't.) einige
    3) ((said with emphasis) at least one / a few / a bit (of): Surely there are some people who agree with me?; I don't need much rest from work, but I must have some.) einige
    4) (certain: He's quite kind in some ways.) gewisse
    2. adjective
    1) (a large, considerable or impressive (amount or number of): I spent some time trying to convince her; I'll have some problem sorting out these papers!) beachtlich
    2) (an unidentified or unnamed (thing, person etc): She was hunting for some book that she's lost.) einige
    3) ((used with numbers) about; at a rough estimate: There were some thirty people at the reception.) ungefähr
    3. adverb
    ((American) somewhat; to a certain extent: I think we've progressed some.) etwas
    - academic.ru/68805/somebody">somebody
    - someday
    - somehow
    - someone
    - something
    - sometime
    - sometimes
    - somewhat
    - somewhere
    - mean something
    - or something
    - something like
    - something tells me
    * * *
    [sʌm, səm]
    I. adj inv, attr
    1. + pl n (unknown amount) einige, ein paar; + sing n etwas
    he played \some records for me er spielte mir ein paar Platten vor
    here's \some news you might be interested in ich habe Neuigkeiten, die dich interessieren könnten
    there's \some cake in the kitchen es ist noch Kuchen in der Küche
    I made \some money running errands ich habe mit Gelegenheitsjobs etwas Geld verdient
    I've got to do \some more work ich muss noch etwas arbeiten
    2. + pl n (certain) gewisse
    \some people actually believed it gewisse Leute haben es tatsächlich geglaubt
    there are \some questions you should ask yourself es gibt [da] gewisse Fragen, die du dir stellen solltest
    3. (general, unknown) irgendein(e)
    clearly the treatment has had \some effect irgendeine Wirkung hat die Behandlung sicher gehabt
    there must be \some mistake da muss ein Fehler vorliegen
    he's in \some kind of trouble er steckt in irgendwelchen Schwierigkeiten
    could you give me \some idea of when you'll finish? können Sie mir ungefähr sagen, wann sie fertig sind?
    it must have been \some teacher/pupils das muss irgendein Lehrer/müssen irgendwelche Schüler gewesen sein
    \some idiot's locked the door irgend so ein Idiot hat die Tür verschlossen fam
    \some day or another irgendwann
    4. (noticeable) gewiss
    to \some extent bis zu einem gewissen Grad
    there's still \some hope es besteht noch eine gewisse Hoffnung
    5. (slight, small amount) etwas
    there is \some hope that he will get the job es besteht noch etwas Hoffnung, dass er die Stelle bekommt
    6. (considerable amount, number) beträchtlich; ( fam: intensifies noun) ziemlich
    it was \some years later when they next met sie trafen sich erst viele Jahre später wieder
    we discussed the problem at \some length wir diskutierten das Problem ausgiebig
    I've known you for \some years now ich kenne dich nun schon seit geraumer Zeit
    that took \some courage! das war ziemlich mutig!
    he went to \some trouble er gab sich beträchtliche [o ziemliche] Mühe
    that was \some argument/meal! das war vielleicht ein Streit/Essen!
    \some mother she turned out to be sie ist eine richtige Rabenmutter
    \some hotel that turned out to be! das war vielleicht ein Hotel!
    \some chance! we have about one chance in a hundred of getting away ( iron) tolle Aussichten! die Chancen stehen eins zu hundert, dass wir davonkommen iron
    perhaps there'll be \some left for us — \some hopes! ( iron) vielleicht bleibt was für uns übrig — [das ist] sehr unwahrscheinlich!
    II. pron
    1. (unspecified number of persons or things) welche
    have you got any drawing pins? — if you wait a moment, I'll get you \some haben Sie Reißnägel? — wenn Sie kurz warten, hole ich [Ihnen] welche
    do you have children? — if I had \some I wouldn't be here! haben Sie Kinder? — wenn ich welche hätte, wäre ich wohl kaum hier!
    2. (unspecified amount of sth) welche(r, s)
    if you want whisky I'll give you \some wenn du Whisky möchtest, gebe ich dir welchen
    if you need more paper then just take \some wenn du mehr Papier brauchst, nimm es dir einfach [o nimm dir einfach welches]
    if you need money, I can lend you \some wenn du Geld brauchst, kann ich dir gerne was [o welches] leihen
    3. (at least a small number) einige, manche
    surely \some have noticed einige [o manche] haben es aber sicher bemerkt
    4. + pl vb (proportionate number) einige, ein paar
    no, I don't want all the green beans, \some are enough nein, ich möchte nicht alle grünen Bohnen, ein paar genügen
    I've already wrapped \some of the presents ich habe einige [o ein paar] der Geschenke schon eingepackt
    \some of you have already met Imran einige von euch kennen Imran bereits
    5. (certain people) gewisse Leute
    \some just never learn! gewisse Leute lernen es einfach nie!
    6. + sing vb (proportionate number) ein bisschen
    no, I don't want all the mashed potatoes, \some is enough nein, ich möchte nicht das ganze Püree, ein bisschen genügt
    have \some of this champagne, it's very good trink ein wenig Champagner, er ist sehr gut
    \some of the prettiest landscape in Germany is found nearby eine der schönsten Landschaften Deutschlands liegt ganz in der Nähe
    7.
    ▶ and then \some ( fam) und [noch] mehr
    we got our money's worth and then \some wir bekamen mehr als unser Geld wert war
    III. adv inv
    1. (roughly) ungefähr, in etwa
    \some twenty or thirty metres deep/high ungefähr zwanzig oder dreißig Meter tief/hoch
    \some thirty different languages are spoken in this country in diesem Land werden etwa dreißig verschiedene Sprachen gesprochen
    2. AM ( fam: a little) etwas, ein bisschen
    I'm feeling \some better mir geht es [schon] etwas [o ein bisschen] besser
    could you turn the heat down \some? könntest du bitte die Heizung etwas herunterstellen?
    3. AM ( fam: a lot) viel
    he sure does talk \some, your brother dein Bruder spricht wirklich viel
    he needs feeding up \some er muss ganz schön aufgepäppelt werden fam
    we were really going \some on the highway wir hatten auf der Autobahn ganz schön was drauf fam
    4.
    ▶ \some few einige, ein paar
    ▶ \some little ziemlich
    we are going to be working together for \some little time yet wir werden noch ziemlich lange zusammenarbeiten müssen
    * * *
    [sʌm]
    1. adj
    1) (with plural nouns) einige; (= a few, emph) ein paar; (= any in "if" clauses, questions) meist nicht übersetzt

    did you bring some records? — hast du Schallplatten mitgebracht?

    some suggestions, please! — Vorschläge bitte!

    2) (with singular nouns) etwas, meist nicht übersetzt (= a little, emph) etwas, ein bisschen

    some more ( tea)? — noch etwas (Tee)?

    leave some cake for me — lass mir ein bisschen or etwas Kuchen übrig

    did she give you some money/sugar? — hat sie Ihnen Geld/Zucker gegeben?

    3) (= certain, in contrast) manche(r, s)

    some people say... — manche Leute sagen...

    some people just don't care —

    there are some things you just don't say some questions were really difficult — es gibt (gewisse or manche) Dinge, die man einfach nicht sagt manche (der) Fragen waren wirklich schwierig

    4) (vague, indeterminate) irgendein

    some book/man or other — irgendein Buch/Mann

    some woman rang up — da hat eine Frau angerufen

    some woman, whose name I forget... — eine Frau, ich habe ihren Namen vergessen,...

    some idiot of a driver — irgend so ein Idiot von (einem) Autofahrer

    in some way or another —

    or some such — oder so etwas Ähnliches

    (at) some time last week — irgendwann letzte Woche

    5) (intensifier) ziemlich; (in exclamations) vielleicht ein (inf)

    it took some courage — dazu brauchte man schon (einigen) or ziemlichen Mut

    (that was) some argument/party! — das war vielleicht ein Streit/eine Party!

    6) (iro) vielleicht ein (inf)

    some help you are/this is — du bist/das ist mir vielleicht eine Hilfe (inf)

    2. pron
    1) (= some people) einige; (= certain people) manche; (in "if" clauses, questions) welche

    some..., others... — manche..., andere...

    there are still some who will never understand — es gibt immer noch Leute, die das nicht begreifen werden

    2) (referring to plural nouns = a few) einige; (= certain ones) manche; (in "if" clauses, questions) welche

    they're lovely, try some — die schmecken gut, probieren Sie mal

    I've still got some —

    tell me if you see some —

    3) (referring to singular nouns = a little) etwas; (= a certain amount, in contrast) manches; (in "if" clauses, questions) welche(r, s)

    here is the milk, if you feel thirsty drink some — hier ist die Milch, wenn du Durst hast, trinke etwas

    I drank some of the milk —

    I drank some of the milk but not all — ich habe etwas von der Milch getrunken, aber nicht alles

    have some! — nehmen Sie sich (dat), bedienen Sie sich

    it's lovely cake, would you like some? — das ist ein sehr guter Kuchen, möchten Sie welchen?

    would you like some money/tea? – no, I've got some — möchten Sie Geld/Tee? – nein, ich habe Geld/ich habe noch

    have you got money? – no, but he has some — haben Sie Geld? – nein, aber er hat welches

    he only believed/read some of it — er hat es nur teilweise geglaubt/gelesen

    some of his work is good — manches, was er macht, ist gut

    4)

    this is some of the oldest rock in the world — dies gehört zum ältesten Gestein der Welt

    3. adv
    1) ungefähr, etwa, circa
    2) (US inf) (= a little) etwas, ein bisschen; (= a lot) viel
    * * *
    some [sʌm; unbetont səm, sm]
    A adj
    1. (vor Substantiven) (irgend)ein:
    some day eines Tages;
    some day you’ll pay for this dafür wirst du noch einmal bezahlen;
    some other time ein andermal;
    some person irgendeiner, (irgend)jemand
    2. (vor pl) einige, ein paar: → few A 1
    3. manche:
    4. ziemlich (viel)
    5. gewiss(er, e, es):
    some extent in gewissem Maße, einigermaßen
    6. etwas, ein wenig, ein bisschen:
    take some more nimm noch etwas
    7. ungefähr, gegen, etwa:
    8. umg ‚toll:
    some player! ein klasse Spieler!;
    that was some race! das war vielleicht ein Rennen!
    B adv
    1. besonders US etwas, ziemlich
    2. umg enorm, toll
    C pron
    1. (irgend)ein(er, e, es):
    some of these days dieser Tage, demnächst
    2. etwas:
    some of it etwas davon;
    some of these people einige dieser Leute;
    will you have some? möchtest du welche oder davon haben?;
    and then some umg und noch einige(s) mehr
    3. besonders US sl darüber hinaus, noch mehr
    4. some …, some … die einen …, die anderen …
    * * *
    1. adjective
    1) (one or other) [irgend]ein

    some shop/book or other — irgendein Laden/Buch

    some person or other — irgendjemand; irgendwer

    2) (a considerable quantity of) einig...; etlich... (ugs. verstärkend)

    speak at some length/wait for some time — ziemlich lang[e] sprechen/warten

    some time/weeks/days/years ago — vor einiger Zeit/vor einigen Wochen/Tagen/Jahren

    some time soon — bald [einmal]

    3) (a small quantity of) ein bisschen

    would you like some wine? — möchten Sie [etwas] Wein?

    do some shopping/reading — einkaufen/lesen

    that is some proof — das ist [doch] gewissermaßen ein Beweis

    5)

    this is some war/poem/car! — (coll.) das ist vielleicht ein Krieg/Gedicht/Wagen! (ugs.)

    6) (approximately) etwa; ungefähr
    2. pronoun
    einig...

    some say... — manche sagen...

    some..., others... — manche..., andere...; die einen..., andere...

    ... and then some — und noch einige/einiges mehr

    3. adverb
    (coll.): (in some degree) ein bisschen; etwas
    * * *
    adj.
    einig adj.
    irgendein adj.
    irgendetwas adj.
    manch adj.

    English-german dictionary > some

  • 3 Historical Portugal

       Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.
       A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.
       Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140
       The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."
       In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.
       The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.
       Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385
       Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in
       Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.
       The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.
       Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580
       The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.
       The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.
       What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.
       By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.
       Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.
       The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.
       By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.
       In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.
       Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640
       Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.
       Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.
       On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.
       Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822
       Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.
       Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.
       In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the
       Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.
       Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.
       Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.
       Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910
       During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.
       Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.
       Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.
       Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.
       Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.
       As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.
       First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26
       Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.
       The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.
       Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.
       The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74
       During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."
       Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.
       For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),
       and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.
       The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.
       With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.
       During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.
       The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.
       At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.
       The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.
       Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76
       Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.
       Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.
       In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.
       In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.
       In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.
       The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until
       UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.
       Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000
       After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.
       From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.
       Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.
       Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.
       In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.
       In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.
       Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.
       Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.
       The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.
       Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.
       Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).
       All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.
       The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.
       Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.
       Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.
       From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.
       Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.
       In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.
       An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal

  • 4 World War II

    (1939-1945)
       In the European phase of the war, neutral Portugal contributed more to the Allied victory than historians have acknowledged. Portugal experienced severe pressures to compromise her neutrality from both the Axis and Allied powers and, on several occasions, there were efforts to force Portugal to enter the war as a belligerent. Several factors lent Portugal importance as a neutral. This was especially the case during the period from the fall of France in June 1940 to the Allied invasion and reconquest of France from June to August 1944.
       In four respects, Portugal became briefly a modest strategic asset for the Allies and a war materiel supplier for both sides: the country's location in the southwesternmost corner of the largely German-occupied European continent; being a transport and communication terminus, observation post for spies, and crossroads between Europe, the Atlantic, the Americas, and Africa; Portugal's strategically located Atlantic islands, the Azores, Madeira, and Cape Verde archipelagos; and having important mines of wolfram or tungsten ore, crucial for the war industry for hardening steel.
       To maintain strict neutrality, the Estado Novo regime dominated by Antônio de Oliveira Salazar performed a delicate balancing act. Lisbon attempted to please and cater to the interests of both sets of belligerents, but only to the extent that the concessions granted would not threaten Portugal's security or its status as a neutral. On at least two occasions, Portugal's neutrality status was threatened. First, Germany briefly considered invading Portugal and Spain during 1940-41. A second occasion came in 1943 and 1944 as Great Britain, backed by the United States, pressured Portugal to grant war-related concessions that threatened Portugal's status of strict neutrality and would possibly bring Portugal into the war on the Allied side. Nazi Germany's plan ("Operation Felix") to invade the Iberian Peninsula from late 1940 into 1941 was never executed, but the Allies occupied and used several air and naval bases in Portugal's Azores Islands.
       The second major crisis for Portugal's neutrality came with increasing Allied pressures for concessions from the summer of 1943 to the summer of 1944. Led by Britain, Portugal's oldest ally, Portugal was pressured to grant access to air and naval bases in the Azores Islands. Such bases were necessary to assist the Allies in winning the Battle of the Atlantic, the naval war in which German U-boats continued to destroy Allied shipping. In October 1943, following tedious negotiations, British forces began to operate such bases and, in November 1944, American forces were allowed to enter the islands. Germany protested and made threats, but there was no German attack.
       Tensions rose again in the spring of 1944, when the Allies demanded that Lisbon cease exporting wolfram to Germany. Salazar grew agitated, considered resigning, and argued that Portugal had made a solemn promise to Germany that wolfram exports would be continued and that Portugal could not break its pledge. The Portuguese ambassador in London concluded that the shipping of wolfram to Germany was "the price of neutrality." Fearing that a still-dangerous Germany could still attack Portugal, Salazar ordered the banning of the mining, sale, and exports of wolfram not only to Germany but to the Allies as of 6 June 1944.
       Portugal did not enter the war as a belligerent, and its forces did not engage in combat, but some Portuguese experienced directly or indirectly the impact of fighting. Off Portugal or near her Atlantic islands, Portuguese naval personnel or commercial fishermen rescued at sea hundreds of victims of U-boat sinkings of Allied shipping in the Atlantic. German U-boats sank four or five Portuguese merchant vessels as well and, in 1944, a U-boat stopped, boarded, searched, and forced the evacuation of a Portuguese ocean liner, the Serpa Pinto, in mid-Atlantic. Filled with refugees, the liner was not sunk but several passengers lost their lives and the U-boat kidnapped two of the ship's passengers, Portuguese Americans of military age, and interned them in a prison camp. As for involvement in a theater of war, hundreds of inhabitants were killed and wounded in remote East Timor, a Portuguese colony near Indonesia, which was invaded, annexed, and ruled by Japanese forces between February 1942 and August 1945. In other incidents, scores of Allied military planes, out of fuel or damaged in air combat, crashed or were forced to land in neutral Portugal. Air personnel who did not survive such crashes were buried in Portuguese cemeteries or in the English Cemetery, Lisbon.
       Portugal's peripheral involvement in largely nonbelligerent aspects of the war accelerated social, economic, and political change in Portugal's urban society. It strengthened political opposition to the dictatorship among intellectual and working classes, and it obliged the regime to bolster political repression. The general economic and financial status of Portugal, too, underwent improvements since creditor Britain, in order to purchase wolfram, foods, and other materials needed during the war, became indebted to Portugal. When Britain repaid this debt after the war, Portugal was able to restore and expand its merchant fleet. Unlike most of Europe, ravaged by the worst war in human history, Portugal did not suffer heavy losses of human life, infrastructure, and property. Unlike even her neighbor Spain, badly shaken by its terrible Civil War (1936-39), Portugal's immediate postwar condition was more favorable, especially in urban areas, although deep-seated poverty remained.
       Portugal experienced other effects, especially during 1939-42, as there was an influx of about a million war refugees, an infestation of foreign spies and other secret agents from 60 secret intelligence services, and the residence of scores of international journalists who came to report the war from Lisbon. There was also the growth of war-related mining (especially wolfram and tin). Portugal's media eagerly reported the war and, by and large, despite government censorship, the Portuguese print media favored the Allied cause. Portugal's standard of living underwent some improvement, although price increases were unpopular.
       The silent invasion of several thousand foreign spies, in addition to the hiring of many Portuguese as informants and spies, had fascinating outcomes. "Spyland" Portugal, especially when Portugal was a key point for communicating with occupied Europe (1940-44), witnessed some unusual events, and spying for foreigners at least briefly became a national industry. Until mid-1944, when Allied forces invaded France, Portugal was the only secure entry point from across the Atlantic to Europe or to the British Isles, as well as the escape hatch for refugees, spies, defectors, and others fleeing occupied Europe or Vichy-controlled Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria. Through Portugal by car, ship, train, or scheduled civil airliner one could travel to and from Spain or to Britain, or one could leave through Portugal, the westernmost continental country of Europe, to seek refuge across the Atlantic in the Americas.
       The wartime Portuguese scene was a colorful melange of illegal activities, including espionage, the black market, war propaganda, gambling, speculation, currency counterfeiting, diamond and wolfram smuggling, prostitution, and the drug and arms trade, and they were conducted by an unusual cast of characters. These included refugees, some of whom were spies, smugglers, diplomats, and business people, many from foreign countries seeking things they could find only in Portugal: information, affordable food, shelter, and security. German agents who contacted Allied sailors in the port of Lisbon sought to corrupt and neutralize these men and, if possible, recruit them as spies, and British intelligence countered this effort. Britain's MI-6 established a new kind of "safe house" to protect such Allied crews from German espionage and venereal disease infection, an approved and controlled house of prostitution in Lisbon's bairro alto district.
       Foreign observers and writers were impressed with the exotic, spy-ridden scene in Lisbon, as well as in Estoril on the Sun Coast (Costa do Sol), west of Lisbon harbor. What they observed appeared in noted autobiographical works and novels, some written during and some after the war. Among notable writers and journalists who visited or resided in wartime Portugal were Hungarian writer and former communist Arthur Koestler, on the run from the Nazi's Gestapo; American radio broadcaster-journalist Eric Sevareid; novelist and Hollywood script-writer Frederick Prokosch; American diplomat George Kennan; Rumanian cultural attache and later scholar of mythology Mircea Eliade; and British naval intelligence officer and novelist-to-be Ian Fleming. Other notable visiting British intelligence officers included novelist Graham Greene; secret Soviet agent in MI-6 and future defector to the Soviet Union Harold "Kim" Philby; and writer Malcolm Muggeridge. French letters were represented by French writer and airman, Antoine Saint-Exupery and French playwright, Jean Giroudoux. Finally, Aquilino Ribeiro, one of Portugal's premier contemporary novelists, wrote about wartime Portugal, including one sensational novel, Volframio, which portrayed the profound impact of the exploitation of the mineral wolfram on Portugal's poor, still backward society.
       In Estoril, Portugal, the idea for the world's most celebrated fictitious spy, James Bond, was probably first conceived by Ian Fleming. Fleming visited Portugal several times after 1939 on Naval Intelligence missions, and later he dreamed up the James Bond character and stories. Background for the early novels in the James Bond series was based in part on people and places Fleming observed in Portugal. A key location in Fleming's first James Bond novel, Casino Royale (1953) is the gambling Casino of Estoril. In addition, one aspect of the main plot, the notion that a spy could invent "secret" intelligence for personal profit, was observed as well by the British novelist and former MI-6 officer, while engaged in operations in wartime Portugal. Greene later used this information in his 1958 spy novel, Our Man in Havana, as he observed enemy agents who fabricated "secrets" for money.
       Thus, Portugal's World War II experiences introduced the country and her people to a host of new peoples, ideas, products, and influences that altered attitudes and quickened the pace of change in this quiet, largely tradition-bound, isolated country. The 1943-45 connections established during the Allied use of air and naval bases in Portugal's Azores Islands were a prelude to Portugal's postwar membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > World War II

  • 5 other

    1.
    ['ʌðə(r)]adjective
    1) (not the same) ander...

    the other two/three — etc. (the remaining) die beiden/drei usw. anderen

    the other way round or about — gerade umgekehrt

    the other one — der/die/das andere

    there is no other way — es geht nicht anders

    I know of no other way of doing it — ich weiß nicht, wie ich es sonst machen soll

    2) (further)

    two other people/questions — noch zwei [andere od. weitere] Leute/Fragen

    have you any other news/questions? — hast du noch weitere od. sonst noch Neuigkeiten/Fragen?

    3)

    other than — (different from) anders als; (except) außer

    4)

    some writer/charity or other — irgendein Schriftsteller/Wohltätigkeitsverein

    some time/way or other — irgendwann/-wie

    something/somehow/somewhere/somebody or other — irgendetwas/-wie/-wo/-wer

    5)

    the other day/evening — neulich/neulich abends

    2. noun
    anderer/andere/anderes

    one or other of you/them — irgendwer od. -einer/-eine von euch/ihnen

    any other — irgendein anderer/-eine andere/-ein anderes; see also academic.ru/23067/each">each 2. 2)

    a bit of the other — (sl.) Sex, der

    have a bit of the other — (sl.) es treiben (ugs.)

    all he ever wants is a bit of the other — (sl.) er will immer nur das eine

    3. adverb

    other than that, no real news — abgesehen davon, keine echten Neuigkeiten

    * * *
    1.
    1) (adjective, pronoun the second of two: I have lost my other glove; I've got one of my gloves but I can't find the other (one).) ander
    2) (adjective, pronoun those people, things etc not mentioned, present etc; additional: Some of them have arrived - where are the others?; The baby is here and the other children are at school.) ander/e/es
    3) ( adjective (with day, week etc) recently past: I saw him just the other day/morning.) neulich
    •
    2. conjunction
    (or else; if not: Take a taxi - otherwise you'll be late.) sonst
    - no/none other than
    - other than
    - somehow or other
    - someone/something or other
    - somewhere or other
    * * *
    oth·er
    [ˈʌðəʳ, AM -ɚ]
    I. adj det
    1. (different) andere(r, s)
    there's no \other way es gibt keine Alternative, es geht nicht anders
    \other people andere [Leute]
    some \other time ein anderes Mal
    in \other words mit anderen Worten
    2. (not long ago)
    the \other day neulich, vor Kurzem
    the \other evening/morning/night neulich abends/morgens/nachts
    the \other week (last week) letzte Woche; (some weeks ago) vor einigen Wochen
    3. (additional) andere(r, s), weitere(r, s)
    are there any \other questions? gibt es noch [weitere] Fragen?
    4. (alternative) andere(r, s)
    sb's \other half ( hum) jds bessere Hälfte hum
    on the \other hand andererseits
    a member of the \other sex ein Vertreter/eine Vertreterin des anderen Geschlechts
    every \other jede(r, s) zweite
    one or \other eine(r, s) von beiden
    5. (not being exact)
    some company or \other irgendeine Firma
    some man or \other irgendein Mann
    some time or \other irgendwann [einmal]
    somehow or \other irgendwie
    someone or \other irgendwer
    something or \other irgend[et]was
    6. after n (except)
    I've never told this to any person \other than you außer dir habe ich das noch nie jemandem erzählt
    there was no choice \other than to walk home es blieb uns nichts anderes übrig, als nach Hause zu laufen
    to do nothing [or not do anything] \other than sth nur [o ausschließlich] etw tun
    don't you do anything \other than complain? kannst du dich eigentlich nur beschweren?
    II. pron
    ▪ the \other der/die/das andere
    hold the racquet in one hand and the ball in the \other halte den Schläger in einer Hand und den Ball in der anderen
    it's often difficult to distinguish one from the \other es ist oft schwierig, sie auseinanderzuhalten
    one or the \other eine(r, s) davon
    you may have one or the \other but not both du kannst eines haben, nicht beide
    2. + sing vb (either, or)
    one or the \other of us will be home when you call einer von uns wird zu Hause sein, wenn du anrufst
    take that car to one or \other of the mechanics — they're both good bringe das Auto zu einem der Mechaniker — sie sind beide gut
    3. (being vague)
    someone or \other irgendwer
    something or \other irgendwas
    I was just doing something or \other — what was it? ich war gerade dabei, etwas zu machen — was war das noch gleich?
    4.
    ▶ a bit of the \other ( euph fam: sex) ein bisschen Vergnügen
    time for bed and a bit of the \other Zeit für's Bett und ein bisschen Vergnügen
    III. adv
    ▪ not \other than:
    I've never seen him \other than with his umbrella ich sehe ihn immer nur mit Schirm
    she was unable to catch the bus \other than by running sie konnte den Bus nur erwischen, indem sie rannte
    * * *
    ['ʌðə(r)]
    1. adj
    1) andere(r, s)

    he had no other questions —

    he could be no other than strict — er konnte nicht anders als streng sein, er konnte nur streng sein

    the other world — das Jenseits, jene andere Welt (liter)

    some other time (in future) — ein andermal; (in past) ein anderes Mal

    to see how the other half lives — sehen, wie andere leben

    2)

    some writer/house etc or other — irgend so ein or irgendein Schriftsteller/Haus etc

    2. pron
    andere(r, s)

    he doesn't like hurting others — er mag niemanden verletzen, er mag niemandem wehtun

    there are 6 others — da sind noch 6 (andere)

    something/someone or other — irgendetwas/-jemand

    he fancied a bit of the other (inf) — ihm war nach ein bisschen - na ja, du weißt schon (inf), er wollte ein bisschen bumsen (inf)

    See:
    → each, one
    3. adv

    he could do no other (than come) — er konnte nicht anders (als kommen), er konnte nichts anderes tun( als kommen)

    somehow or other — irgendwie, auf die eine oder andere Weise

    * * *
    other [ˈʌðə(r)]
    A adj
    1. ander(er, e, es):
    other people think otherwise andere Leute denken anders;
    there is no other place to go to man kann sonst nirgends hingehen;
    other things being equal bei sonst gleichen Bedingungen;
    the other side JUR die Gegenseite
    2. (vor s im pl) andere, übrige:
    3. ander(er, e, es), weiter(er, e, es), sonstig(er, e, es):
    one other person eine weitere Person, (noch) jemand anders;
    the other two die anderen beiden, die beiden anderen;
    any other questions? sonst noch Fragen?
    4. anders ( than als):
    I would not have him other than he is ich möchte ihn nicht anders haben, als er ist;
    no person other than yourself niemand außer dir
    5. (from, than) anders (als), verschieden (von):
    far other from ours ganz anders als der unsere
    6. zweit(er, e, es) (obs außer in):
    every other jeder (jede, jedes) zweite:
    every other year jedes zweite Jahr, alle zwei Jahre;
    every other day jeden zweiten Tag
    7. vorübergehend (obs außer in):
    the other day neulich, kürzlich;
    the other night neulich Abend
    B pron ander(er, e, es):
    the other der oder die oder das andere;
    others say andere sagen;
    the two others die beiden anderen;
    of all others vor allen anderen;
    no ( oder none) other than kein anderer als;
    someone or other irgendwer, irgendjemand;
    some day ( oder time) or other eines Tages, irgendwann einmal;
    some way or other irgendwie, auf irgendeine Weise;
    some singer or other irgend so ein Sänger; → each B, one C 1
    C adv anders ( than als):
    you can’t get there other than by car man kommt nur mit dem Wagen (dort)hin
    * * *
    1.
    ['ʌðə(r)]adjective
    1) (not the same) ander...

    the other two/three — etc. (the remaining) die beiden/drei usw. anderen

    the other way round or about — gerade umgekehrt

    the other one — der/die/das andere

    I know of no other way of doing it — ich weiß nicht, wie ich es sonst machen soll

    two other people/questions — noch zwei [andere od. weitere] Leute/Fragen

    have you any other news/questions? — hast du noch weitere od. sonst noch Neuigkeiten/Fragen?

    3)

    other than — (different from) anders als; (except) außer

    4)

    some writer/charity or other — irgendein Schriftsteller/Wohltätigkeitsverein

    some time/way or other — irgendwann/-wie

    something/somehow/somewhere/somebody or other — irgendetwas/-wie/-wo/-wer

    5)

    the other day/evening — neulich/neulich abends

    2. noun
    anderer/andere/anderes

    one or other of you/them — irgendwer od. -einer/-eine von euch/ihnen

    any other — irgendein anderer/-eine andere/-ein anderes; see also each 2. 2)

    a bit of the other — (sl.) Sex, der

    have a bit of the other — (sl.) es treiben (ugs.)

    all he ever wants is a bit of the other — (sl.) er will immer nur das eine

    3. adverb

    other than that, no real news — abgesehen davon, keine echten Neuigkeiten

    * * *
    adj.
    ander adj.
    ander- adj.
    sonstig adj.
    zusätzlich adj. pron.
    ander- pron.

    English-german dictionary > other

  • 6 Philosophy

       And what I believe to be more important here is that I find in myself an infinity of ideas of certain things which cannot be assumed to be pure nothingness, even though they may have perhaps no existence outside of my thought. These things are not figments of my imagination, even though it is within my power to think of them or not to think of them; on the contrary, they have their own true and immutable natures. Thus, for example, when I imagine a triangle, even though there may perhaps be no such figure anywhere in the world outside of my thought, nor ever have been, nevertheless the figure cannot help having a certain determinate nature... or essence, which is immutable and eternal, which I have not invented and which does not in any way depend upon my mind. (Descartes, 1951, p. 61)
       Let us console ourselves for not knowing the possible connections between a spider and the rings of Saturn, and continue to examine what is within our reach. (Voltaire, 1961, p. 144)
       As modern physics started with the Newtonian revolution, so modern philosophy starts with what one might call the Cartesian Catastrophe. The catastrophe consisted in the splitting up of the world into the realms of matter and mind, and the identification of "mind" with conscious thinking. The result of this identification was the shallow rationalism of l'esprit Cartesien, and an impoverishment of psychology which it took three centuries to remedy even in part. (Koestler, 1964, p. 148)
       It has been made of late a reproach against natural philosophy that it has struck out on a path of its own, and has separated itself more and more widely from the other sciences which are united by common philological and historical studies. The opposition has, in fact, been long apparent, and seems to me to have grown up mainly under the influence of the Hegelian philosophy, or, at any rate, to have been brought out into more distinct relief by that philosophy.... The sole object of Kant's "Critical Philosophy" was to test the sources and the authority of our knowledge, and to fix a definite scope and standard for the researches of philosophy, as compared with other sciences.... [But Hegel's] "Philosophy of Identity" was bolder. It started with the hypothesis that not only spiritual phenomena, but even the actual world-nature, that is, and man-were the result of an act of thought on the part of a creative mind, similar, it was supposed, in kind to the human mind.... The philosophers accused the scientific men of narrowness; the scientific men retorted that the philosophers were crazy. And so it came about that men of science began to lay some stress on the banishment of all philosophic influences from their work; while some of them, including men of the greatest acuteness, went so far as to condemn philosophy altogether, not merely as useless, but as mischievous dreaming. Thus, it must be confessed, not only were the illegitimate pretensions of the Hegelian system to subordinate to itself all other studies rejected, but no regard was paid to the rightful claims of philosophy, that is, the criticism of the sources of cognition, and the definition of the functions of the intellect. (Helmholz, quoted in Dampier, 1966, pp. 291-292)
       Philosophy remains true to its classical tradition by renouncing it. (Habermas, 1972, p. 317)
       I have not attempted... to put forward any grand view of the nature of philosophy; nor do I have any such grand view to put forth if I would. It will be obvious that I do not agree with those who see philosophy as the history of "howlers" and progress in philosophy as the debunking of howlers. It will also be obvious that I do not agree with those who see philosophy as the enterprise of putting forward a priori truths about the world.... I see philosophy as a field which has certain central questions, for example, the relation between thought and reality.... It seems obvious that in dealing with these questions philosophers have formulated rival research programs, that they have put forward general hypotheses, and that philosophers within each major research program have modified their hypotheses by trial and error, even if they sometimes refuse to admit that that is what they are doing. To that extent philosophy is a "science." To argue about whether philosophy is a science in any more serious sense seems to me to be hardly a useful occupation.... It does not seem to me important to decide whether science is philosophy or philosophy is science as long as one has a conception of both that makes both essential to a responsible view of the world and of man's place in it. (Putnam, 1975, p. xvii)
       What can philosophy contribute to solving the problem of the relation [of] mind to body? Twenty years ago, many English-speaking philosophers would have answered: "Nothing beyond an analysis of the various mental concepts." If we seek knowledge of things, they thought, it is to science that we must turn. Philosophy can only cast light upon our concepts of those things.
       This retreat from things to concepts was not undertaken lightly. Ever since the seventeenth century, the great intellectual fact of our culture has been the incredible expansion of knowledge both in the natural and in the rational sciences (mathematics, logic).
       The success of science created a crisis in philosophy. What was there for philosophy to do? Hume had already perceived the problem in some degree, and so surely did Kant, but it was not until the twentieth century, with the Vienna Circle and with Wittgenstein, that the difficulty began to weigh heavily. Wittgenstein took the view that philosophy could do no more than strive to undo the intellectual knots it itself had tied, so achieving intellectual release, and even a certain illumination, but no knowledge. A little later, and more optimistically, Ryle saw a positive, if reduced role, for philosophy in mapping the "logical geography" of our concepts: how they stood to each other and how they were to be analyzed....
       Since that time, however, philosophers in the "analytic" tradition have swung back from Wittgensteinian and even Rylean pessimism to a more traditional conception of the proper role and tasks of philosophy. Many analytic philosophers now would accept the view that the central task of philosophy is to give an account, or at least play a part in giving an account, of the most general nature of things and of man. (Armstrong, 1990, pp. 37-38)
       8) Philosophy's Evolving Engagement with Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science
       In the beginning, the nature of philosophy's engagement with artificial intelligence and cognitive science was clear enough. The new sciences of the mind were to provide the long-awaited vindication of the most potent dreams of naturalism and materialism. Mind would at last be located firmly within the natural order. We would see in detail how the most perplexing features of the mental realm could be supported by the operations of solely physical laws upon solely physical stuff. Mental causation (the power of, e.g., a belief to cause an action) would emerge as just another species of physical causation. Reasoning would be understood as a kind of automated theorem proving. And the key to both was to be the depiction of the brain as the implementation of multiple higher level programs whose task was to manipulate and transform symbols or representations: inner items with one foot in the physical (they were realized as brain states) and one in the mental (they were bearers of contents, and their physical gymnastics were cleverly designed to respect semantic relationships such as truth preservation). (A. Clark, 1996, p. 1)
       Socrates of Athens famously declared that "the unexamined life is not worth living," and his motto aptly explains the impulse to philosophize. Taking nothing for granted, philosophy probes and questions the fundamental presuppositions of every area of human inquiry.... [P]art of the job of the philosopher is to keep at a certain critical distance from current doctrines, whether in the sciences or the arts, and to examine instead how the various elements in our world-view clash, or fit together. Some philosophers have tried to incorporate the results of these inquiries into a grand synoptic view of the nature of reality and our human relationship to it. Others have mistrusted system-building, and seen their primary role as one of clarifications, or the removal of obstacles along the road to truth. But all have shared the Socratic vision of using the human intellect to challenge comfortable preconceptions, insisting that every aspect of human theory and practice be subjected to continuing critical scrutiny....
       Philosophy is, of course, part of a continuing tradition, and there is much to be gained from seeing how that tradition originated and developed. But the principal object of studying the materials in this book is not to pay homage to past genius, but to enrich one's understanding of central problems that are as pressing today as they have always been-problems about knowledge, truth and reality, the nature of the mind, the basis of right action, and the best way to live. These questions help to mark out the territory of philosophy as an academic discipline, but in a wider sense they define the human predicament itself; they will surely continue to be with us for as long as humanity endures. (Cottingham, 1996, pp. xxi-xxii)
       In his study of ancient Greek culture, The Birth of Tragedy, Nietzsche drew what would become a famous distinction, between the Dionysian spirit, the untamed spirit of art and creativity, and the Apollonian, that of reason and self-control. The story of Greek civilization, and all civilizations, Nietzsche implied, was the gradual victory of Apollonian man, with his desire for control over nature and himself, over Dionysian man, who survives only in myth, poetry, music, and drama. Socrates and Plato had attacked the illusions of art as unreal, and had overturned the delicate cultural balance by valuing only man's critical, rational, and controlling consciousness while denigrating his vital life instincts as irrational and base. The result of this division is "Alexandrian man," the civilized and accomplished Greek citizen of the later ancient world, who is "equipped with the greatest forces of knowledge" but in whom the wellsprings of creativity have dried up. (Herman, 1997, pp. 95-96)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Philosophy

  • 7 of

    əv
    1) (belonging to: a friend of mine.) av
    2) (away from (a place etc); after (a given time): within five miles of London; within a year of his death.) fra, etter
    3) (written etc by: the plays of Shakespeare.) av
    4) (belonging to or forming a group: He is one of my friends.) av
    5) (showing: a picture of my father.) av
    6) (made from; consisting of: a dress of silk; a collection of pictures.) av
    7) (used to show an amount, measurement of something: a gallon of petrol; five bags of coal.) med, à
    8) (about: an account of his work.) om
    9) (containing: a box of chocolates.) med, av
    10) (used to show a cause: She died of hunger.) av, fra
    11) (used to show a loss or removal: She was robbed of her jewels.) fra-, av
    12) (used to show the connection between an action and its object: the smoking of a cigarette.) av
    13) (used to show character, qualities etc: a man of courage.) med, av
    14) ((American) (of time) a certain number of minutes before (the hour): It's ten minutes of three.) på, før
    om
    prep. \/ɒv\/, trykksvakəv\/ eller \/v\/, foran ubetont konsonant: \/f\/
    2) (etter et tall eller bestemmelsesfaktor, av og til uten oversettelse til norsk) med, om, av, blant
    • would you like a cup of tea?
    3) ( om retning eller sted) fra, for
    • have you met Professor Smith of Cambridge?
    han er en romanforfatter fra det 18. århundre
    • in the opinion of the teachers, this is wrong
    6) (om forholdet mellom et verb og et etterfølgende objekt der verbet uttrykker en mental eller abstrakt tilstand) fra, etter, om, på
    • just think of the consequences!
    • the sales will decrease of 5%
    salget vil gå ned med 5%
    9) (om alder, av og til uten oversettelse på norsk) på
    11) (om dato, årstid, navn eller tittel, av og til uten oversettelse på norsk) på
    • he's the governor of St. Helena
    han er guvernøren på St. Helena
    12) (om personlig egenskap, av og til uten oversettelse på norsk) på
    13) ( om sammenligning) til, av
    • he has one merit, that of being honest
    han har ett fortrinn, nemlig det å være ærlig
    15) (i visse tidsuttrykk, litterært) på, om
    • what do you do of Sundays?
    16) (amer., om klokkeslett) på
    be of delta i, være med i, tilhøre
    of late i det siste
    i de siste årene\/i de senere år
    of oneself av seg selv, frivillig

    English-Norwegian dictionary > of

  • 8 marry

    1. I
    I shan't marry я не женюсь или не выйду замуж; why don't you marry? почему бы вам не жениться или не выйти замуж
    2. II
    marry in some manner marry well (foolishly, recklessly, prudently, unhappily, hastily, conveniently, a second time, twice, etc.) хорошо и т.д. жениться или выйти замуж; marry again жениться или выйти замуж снова /еще раз/; marry at some time marry early (late in life, etc.) рано и т.д. жениться или выйти замуж; I shall never marry я никогда не женюсь или не выйду замуж
    3. III
    1) marry smb. marry smb.'s sister (one's cook, the prettiest girl in the village, etc.) жениться на чьей-л. сестре и т.д., he said he wanted to marry her он сказал, что хотел бы на ней жениться; marry a sailor (smb.'s brother, etc.) выйти замуж за моряка и т.д.: they married each other они поженились
    2) marry smb. marry the two young people обвенчать молодых людей; the minister (the priest) married them священник обвенчал их
    3) marry smb., smth. she has married all her daughters она выдала замуж всех своих дочерей; marry a fortune /money/ жениться "на деньгах"
    4. IV
    marry smb. in some manner marry smb. hastily (foolishly, etc.) a) поспешно и т.д. жениться на ком-л. или выйти замуж за кого-л.; б) поспешно и т.д. обвенчать кого-л.; в) поспешно и т.д. женить или выдать замуж кого-л.
    5. XI
    be (get) married he is married он женат; she is married она замужем; Tom and Alice are going to get married Том и Алиса собираются пожениться; be married in some manner he was twice married он был дважды женат; be married at some time he got married recently он недавно женился; be married for some time they've been married over a year они уже женаты больше года; get smb. married she got her son married она женила своего сына; be (get) married to smb. she is married to a foreigner она замужем за иностранцем; he was married to his friend's sister он был женат на сестре своего друга; she got married to a childhood friend она вышла замуж за друга детства: be married to smth. he is practically married to his work он живет и дышит своей работой; be married by smb. they were married by a priest (by the bishop, by the mayor, etc.) их обвенчал священник и т.д.; be married in some place he was married in London он женился в Лондоне
    6. XVI
    marry beneath /below/ (above) one he married beneath him он женился на женщине ниже себя по положению, он совершил мезальянс; she married above herself она вышла замуж за человека, стоящего выше ее по общественному положению; marry for smth. marry for love жениться или выйти замуж по любви; marry for money жениться или выйти замуж из-за денег /по расчету/; marry for a home жениться или выйти замуж, чтобы обрести дом /семью/; marry into smth., smb. marry into a family войти в дом /в семьи/ жены или мужа, породниться с какой-л. семьей; marry into Sweden выйти замуж за шведа или жениться на шведке [и уехать в Швецию]; marry on /with/ smth. he is not able to marry on his present salary (on such prospects, etc.) он не может жениться, когда у него такая [маленькая] зарплата и т.д. || marry against smb.'s will /wishes/ жениться или выйти замуж против чьей-л. воли; marry out of one's class выйти замуж за человека или жениться на человеке не своего круга
    7. XXI1
    1) marry smb. for smth. marry smb. for love жениться на ком-л. или выходить замуж за кого-л. по любви; marry a girl for her pretty face жениться на девушке из-за ее хорошенького личика
    2) marry smb. to smb. the clergyman married Mary to John священник повенчал /обвенчал/ Мэри и Джона
    3) marry smb. to smb. marry one's daughter to a soldier (to a farmer, to a rich man, to my eldest son, etc.) выдавать дочь замуж за солдата и т.д.
    8. XXV
    not to marry until... he didn't marry until he was forty он не женился до сорока лет

    English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > marry

  • 9 Guinand, Pierre Louis

    [br]
    b. 20 April 1748 Brenets, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
    d. 13 February 1824 Brenets, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
    [br]
    Swiss optical glassmaker.
    [br]
    Guinand received little formal education and followed his father's trade of joiner. He specialized in making clock cases, but after learning how to cast metals he took up the more lucrative work of making watch cases. When he was about 20 years old, in a customer's house he caught sight of an English telescope, a rarity in a Swiss mountain village. Intrigued, he obtained permission to examine it. This aroused his interest in optical matters and he began making spectacles and small telescopes.
    Achromatic lenses were becoming known, their use being to remove the defect of chromatic aberration or coloured optical images, but there remained defects due to imperfections in the glass itself. Stimulated by offers of prizes by scientific bodies, including the Royal Society of London, for removing these defects, Guinand set out to remedy them. He embarked in 1784 on a long and arduous series of experiments, varying the materials and techniques for making glass. The even more lucrative trade of making bells for repeaters provided the funds for a furnace capable of holding 2 cwt (102 kg) of molten glass. By 1798 or so he had succeeded in making discs of homogeneous glass. He impressed the famous Parisian astronomer de Lalande with them and his glass became well enough known for scientists to visit him. In 1805 Fraunhofer persuaded Guinand to join his optical-instrument works at Benediktheurn, in Bavaria, to make lenses. After nine years, Guinand returned to Brenets with a pension, on condition he made no more glass and disclosed no details of his methods. After two years these conditions had become irksome and he relinquished the pension. On 19 February 1823 Guinand described his discoveries in his classic "Memoir on the making of optical glass, more particularly of glass of high refractive index for use in the production of achromatic lenses", presented to the Société de Physique et d'Histoire Naturelle de Genève. This gives details of his experiments and investigations and discusses a suitable pot-clay stirrer and stirring mechanism for the molten glass, with temperature control, to overcome optical-glass defects such as bubbles, seeds, cords and colours. Guinand was hailed as the man in Europe who had achieved this and has thus rightly been called the founder of the era of optical glassmaking.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    The fullest account in English of Guinand's life and work is 'Some account of the late M. Guinand and of the discovery made by him in the manufacture of flint glass for large telescopes by F.R., extracted from the Bibliothèque Universelle des Sciences, trans.
    C.F.de B.', Quart.J.Sci.Roy.Instn.Lond. (1825) 19: 244–58.
    M.von Rohr, 1924, "Pierre Louis Guinand", Zeitschrift für Instr., 46:121, 139, with an English summary in J.Glass. Tech., (1926) 10: abs. 150–1.
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Guinand, Pierre Louis

  • 10 of

    1 ( in most uses) de ; the leg of the table le pied de la table ; the difficulty of the work la difficulté du travail ; the king of beasts le roi des animaux ;
    2 ( made or consisting of) a ring (made) of gold une bague en or ; a plaque (made) of grey marble une plaque en marbre gris ; a will of iron fig une volonté de fer ; a heart of stone fig un cœur de pierre ;
    3 ( indicating an agent) that's kind of you/him c'est très gentil de votre/sa part, c'est très gentil à vous/à lui ;
    4 ( indicating a proportion or fraction) some of us stayed for dinner quelques-uns d'entre nous sont restés dîner ; several of them were rotten plusieurs (d'entre eux) étaient pourris ; of the twelve of us only nine could swim sur les douze (que nous étions) neuf seulement savaient nager ;
    5 GB ( in expressions of time) of an evening le soir ; of a morning le matin ; I like to play golf of an afternoon j'aime jouer au golf l'après-midi ; ⇒ late, old.

    Big English-French dictionary > of

  • 11 get

    get [get]
    recevoir ⇒ 1A (a), 1A (d), 1A (g), 1A (i), 1B (b) avoir ⇒ 1A (a), 1A (b) toucher ⇒ 1A (a), 1A (b), 1B (b) trouver ⇒ 1A (b), 1A (h) obtenir ⇒ 1A (b), 1A (h) tenir ⇒ 1A (c) offrir ⇒ 1A (e) acheter ⇒ 1A (f) prendre ⇒ 1A (f), 1A (k), 1A (l) gagner ⇒ 1A (i) chercher ⇒ 1A (j) attraper ⇒ 1A (k), 1A (l), 1B (a) réserver ⇒ 1A (m) répondre ⇒ 1A (n) faire faire ⇒ 1C (b)-(d) préparer ⇒ 1D (a) entendre ⇒ 1D (b) comprendre ⇒ 1D (d) atteindre ⇒ 1E (a) devenir ⇒ 2A (a) se faire ⇒ 2A (b) commencer à ⇒ 2A (c), 2B (c) aller ⇒ 2B (a) réussir à ⇒ 2B (e)
    ( British pt & pp got [gɒt], cont getting [getɪŋ], American pt got [gɒt], pp gotten [gɒtən], cont getting [getɪŋ])
    A.
    (a) (receive → gift, letter, phone call) recevoir, avoir; (→ benefits, pension) recevoir, toucher; (→ medical treatment) suivre;
    ∎ I got a bike for my birthday on m'a donné ou j'ai eu ou j'ai reçu un vélo pour mon anniversaire;
    ∎ I get 'The Times' at home je reçois le 'Times' à la maison;
    ∎ this part of the country doesn't get much rain cette région ne reçoit pas beaucoup de pluie, il ne pleut pas beaucoup dans cette région;
    ∎ the living room gets a lot of sun le salon est très ensoleillé;
    ∎ I rang but I got no answer (at door) j'ai sonné mais je n'ai pas obtenu ou eu de réponse; (on phone) j'ai appelé sans obtenir de réponse;
    ∎ many students get grants beaucoup d'étudiants ont une bourse;
    ∎ he got five years for smuggling il a écopé de ou il a pris cinq ans (de prison) pour contrebande;
    ∎ he got a bullet in his shoulder il a reçu une balle dans l'épaule;
    ∎ familiar you're really going to get it! qu'est-ce que tu vas prendre ou écoper!;
    ∎ familiar I'll see that you get yours! je vais te régler ton compte!
    (b) (obtain → gen) avoir, trouver, obtenir; (→ through effort) se procurer, obtenir; (→ licence, loan, permission) obtenir; (→ diploma, grades) avoir, obtenir;
    ∎ where did you get that book? où avez-vous trouvé ce livre?;
    ∎ they got him a job ils lui ont trouvé du travail;
    ∎ I got the job! ils m'ont embauché!;
    ∎ can you get them the report? pouvez-vous leur procurer le rapport?;
    ∎ I got the idea from a book j'ai trouvé l'idée dans un livre;
    ∎ I got a glimpse of her face j'ai pu apercevoir son visage;
    ∎ you get a fine view from here il y a une vue magnifique d'ici;
    ∎ I've got six more to get (in collection) il m'en manque six;
    ∎ the town gets its water from the reservoir la ville reçoit son eau du réservoir;
    ∎ we get our wine directly from the vineyard en vin ou pour le vin, nous nous fournissons directement chez le producteur;
    ∎ they stopped in town to get some lunch (had lunch there) ils se sont arrêtés en ville pour déjeuner; (bought something to eat) ils se sont arrêtés en ville pour acheter de quoi déjeuner;
    ∎ I'm going out to get a breath of fresh air je sors prendre l'air;
    ∎ I'm going to get something to drink/eat (fetch) je vais chercher quelque chose à boire/manger; (consume) je vais boire/manger quelque chose;
    ∎ can I get a coffee? je pourrais avoir un café, s'il vous plaît?;
    ∎ get yourself a good lawyer trouvez-vous un bon avocat;
    ∎ get advice from your doctor demandez conseil à votre médecin;
    ∎ I need all the advice I can get j'ai besoin de tous les conseils qu'on peut me donner;
    ∎ to get (oneself) a wife/husband se trouver une femme/un mari;
    ∎ to get sb to oneself avoir qn pour soi tout seul;
    ∎ to get a divorce obtenir le divorce;
    ∎ get plenty of exercise faites beaucoup d'exercice;
    ∎ get plenty of sleep dormez beaucoup;
    ∎ try and get a few days off work essayez de prendre quelques jours de congé;
    ∎ I'll do it if I get the time/a moment je le ferai si j'ai le temps/si je trouve un moment;
    ∎ I got a lot from or out of my trip to China mon voyage en Chine m'a beaucoup apporté;
    ∎ she got very little from her lessons elle a très peu appris de ses leçons;
    ∎ he didn't get a chance to introduce himself il n'a pas eu l'occasion de se présenter
    (c) (inherit → characteristic) tenir;
    ∎ she gets her shyness from her father elle tient sa timidité de son père
    ∎ they got a lot of money for their flat la vente de leur appartement leur a rapporté beaucoup d'argent;
    ∎ they got a good price for the painting le tableau s'est vendu à un bon prix;
    ∎ what did you get for your car? combien est-ce que tu as vendu ta voiture?;
    ∎ he got nothing for his trouble il s'est donné de la peine pour rien;
    ∎ you don't get something for nothing on n'a rien pour rien
    (e) (offer as gift) offrir, donner;
    ∎ what did she get him for Christmas? qu'est-ce qu'elle lui a offert ou donné pour Noël?;
    ∎ I don't know what to get Jill for her birthday je ne sais pas quoi acheter à Jill pour son anniversaire
    (f) (buy) acheter, prendre;
    ∎ get your father a magazine when you go out achète une revue à ton père quand tu sortiras;
    ∎ get the paper too prends ou achète le journal aussi;
    ∎ we got the house cheap on a eu la maison (à) bon marché
    (g) (learn → information, news) recevoir, apprendre;
    ∎ we turned on the radio to get the news nous avons allumé la radio pour écouter les informations;
    ∎ she just got news or word of the accident elle vient juste d'apprendre la nouvelle de l'accident;
    ∎ he broke down when he got the news en apprenant la nouvelle il a fondu en larmes
    (h) (reach by calculation or experimentation → answer, solution) trouver; (→ result) obtenir;
    ∎ multiply 5 by 2 and you get 10 multipliez 5 par 2 et vous obtenez 10
    (i) (earn, win → salary) recevoir, gagner, toucher; (→ prize) gagner; (→ reputation) se faire;
    ∎ plumbers get £20 an hour un plombier gagne ou touche 20 livres de l'heure;
    ∎ he got a good name or a reputation as an architect il s'est fait une réputation dans le milieu de l'architecture;
    ∎ someone's trying to get your attention (calling) quelqu'un vous appelle; (waving) quelqu'un vous fait signe
    (j) (bring, fetch) (aller) chercher;
    ∎ he went and got a book from the library il est allé chercher un livre à la bibliothèque;
    ∎ go and get a doctor allez chercher un médecin;
    ∎ get me my coat va me chercher ou apporte-moi mon manteau;
    ∎ we had to get a doctor nous avons dû faire venir un médecin;
    ∎ he went to get a taxi il est parti chercher un taxi;
    ∎ what can I get you to drink? qu'est-ce que je vous sers à boire?;
    ∎ can I get you anything? (to somebody ill etc) est-ce que vous avez besoin de quelque chose?;
    ∎ they sent him to get help ils l'ont envoyé chercher de l'aide
    (k) (catch → ball) attraper; (→ bus, train) prendre, attraper;
    ∎ did you get your train? est-ce que tu as eu ton train?
    (l) (capture) attraper, prendre; (seize) prendre, saisir;
    ∎ the Mounties always get their man la police montée attrape toujours son homme (au Canada);
    ∎ he got me by the arm il m'a attrapé par le bras;
    ∎ the dog got him by the leg le chien l'a attrapé à la jambe;
    ∎ (I've) got you! je te tiens!
    (m) (book, reserve) réserver, retenir;
    ∎ we're trying to get a flight to Budapest nous essayons de réserver un vol pour Budapest
    (n) (answer → door, telephone) répondre;
    ∎ the doorbell's ringing - I'll get it! quelqu'un sonne à la porte - j'y vais!;
    ∎ will you get the phone? peux-tu répondre au téléphone?
    B.
    ∎ he got a chill il a pris ou attrapé froid;
    ∎ I get a headache when I drink red wine le vin rouge me donne mal à la tête;
    ∎ familiar to get it bad for sb avoir qn dans la peau
    (b) (experience, feel → shock) recevoir, ressentir, avoir; (→ fun, pain, surprise) avoir;
    ∎ I got the feeling something horrible would happen j'ai eu l'impression ou le pressentiment que quelque chose d'horrible allait arriver;
    ∎ I get the impression he doesn't like me j'ai l'impression que je ne lui plais pas;
    ∎ to get a thrill out of sth/doing sth prendre plaisir à qch/faire qch;
    ∎ familiar to get religion devenir croyant□
    ∎ you get some odd people on these tours il y a de drôles de gens dans ces voyages organisés;
    ∎ you get a lot of people marrying young here il y a beaucoup de gens qui se marient jeunes par ici;
    ∎ we don't get many accidents here nous n'avons pas beaucoup d'accidents par ici
    C.
    (a) (with adj or past participle) (cause to be) she managed to get the window closed/open elle a réussi à fermer/ouvrir la fenêtre;
    ∎ I got the car started j'ai démarré la voiture;
    ∎ don't get your feet wet! ne te mouille pas les pieds!;
    ∎ get the suitcases ready préparez les bagages;
    ∎ the children are getting themselves ready for school les enfants se préparent pour (aller à) l'école;
    ∎ I finally got her on her own or alone j'ai fini par réussir à la voir en tête à tête;
    ∎ we managed to get him in a good mood nous avons réussi à le mettre de bonne humeur;
    ∎ they've got me so I don't know whether I'm coming or going c'en est à un tel point que je ne sais plus où j'en suis;
    ∎ to get people interested (in sth) intéresser les gens (à qch);
    ∎ let me get this clear que ce soit bien clair;
    ∎ to get things under control prendre les choses en main;
    ∎ he likes his bath as hot as he can get it il aime que son bain soit aussi chaud que possible;
    ∎ the flat is as clean as I'm going to get it j'ai nettoyé l'appartement le mieux que j'ai pu;
    ∎ he got himself nominated president il s'est fait nommer président;
    ∎ don't get yourself all worked up ne t'en fais pas
    (b) (with infinitive) (cause to do or carry out) we couldn't get her to leave on n'a pas pu la faire partir;
    ∎ get him to move the car demande-lui de déplacer la voiture;
    ∎ I got it to work, I got it working j'ai réussi à le faire marcher;
    ∎ we have to get the government to tighten up on pollution control il faut que l'on obtienne du gouvernement qu'il renforce les lois contre la pollution;
    ∎ he got the other members to agree il a réussi à obtenir l'accord des autres membres;
    ∎ I can always get someone else to do it je peux toujours le faire faire par quelqu'un d'autre;
    ∎ I got her to talk about life in China je lui ai demandé de parler de la vie en Chine;
    ∎ they can't get the landlord to fix the roof ils n'arrivent pas à obtenir du propriétaire qu'il fasse réparer le toit;
    ∎ how do you get jasmine to grow indoors? comment peut-on faire pousser du jasmin à l'intérieur?
    (c) (with past participle) (cause to be done or carried out) to get sth done/repaired faire faire/réparer qch;
    ∎ to get one's hair cut se faire couper les cheveux;
    ∎ I didn't get anything done today je n'ai rien fait aujourd'hui;
    ∎ it's impossible to get anything done around here (by oneself) il est impossible de faire quoi que ce soit ici; (by someone else) il est impossible d'obtenir quoi que ce soit ici
    (d) (cause to come, go, move)
    ∎ how are you going to get this package to them? comment allez-vous leur faire parvenir ce paquet?;
    ∎ they eventually got all the boxes downstairs/upstairs ils ont fini par descendre/monter toutes leurs boîtes;
    ∎ I managed to get the old man downstairs/upstairs j'ai réussi à faire descendre/monter le vieil homme;
    ∎ I managed to get him away from the others j'ai réussi à l'éloigner des autres;
    ∎ get him away from me débarrassez-moi de lui;
    ∎ can you get me home? pouvez-vous me raccompagner?;
    ∎ they got her to the airport on time ils l'ont amenée à l'aéroport à l'heure;
    ∎ his friends managed to get him home ses amis ont réussi à le ramener (à la maison);
    ∎ how are we going to get the bike home? comment est-ce qu'on va ramener le vélo à la maison?;
    ∎ I got a message to them je leur ai fait parvenir un message;
    ∎ he can't get the children to bed il n'arrive pas à mettre les enfants au lit;
    ∎ I can't get my boots off/on je n'arrive pas à enlever/mettre mes bottes;
    ∎ we couldn't get the bed through the door nous n'avons pas pu faire passer le lit par la porte;
    ∎ figurative where has all this got us? où est-ce que tout ça nous a menés?;
    ∎ this is getting us nowhere ça ne nous mène nulle part, ça ne nous mène à rien;
    ∎ that won't get you very far! ça ne te servira pas à grand-chose!, tu ne seras pas beaucoup plus avancé!
    D.
    (a) (prepare → meal, drink) préparer;
    ∎ he's in the kitchen getting dinner il est à la cuisine en train de préparer le dîner;
    ∎ who's going to get the children breakfast? qui va préparer le petit déjeuner pour les enfants?;
    ∎ she got herself some breakfast elle s'est préparé un petit déjeuner
    (b) (hear correctly) entendre, saisir;
    ∎ I didn't get his name je n'ai pas saisi son nom
    ∎ I got her father on the phone j'ai parlé à son père ou j'ai eu son père au téléphone;
    ∎ I couldn't get her at the office je n'ai pas pu l'avoir au bureau;
    ∎ did you get the number you wanted? avez-vous obtenu le numéro que vous vouliez?;
    ∎ get me extension 3500 passez-moi ou donnez-moi le poste 3500
    (d) familiar (understand) comprendre□, saisir□ ;
    ∎ I don't get it, I don't get the point je ne comprends ou ne saisis pas, je n'y suis pas du tout;
    ∎ I don't get you or your meaning je ne comprends pas ce que vous voulez dire;
    ∎ if you get my meaning si tu vois ce que je veux dire□ ;
    ∎ don't get me wrong comprenez-moi bien;
    ∎ I think he's got the message now je crois qu'il a compris maintenant;
    ∎ I don't get the joke je ne vois pas ce qui est (si) drôle□ ;
    ∎ get it?, get me?, get my drift? tu saisis?, tu piges?;
    ∎ (I've) got it! ça y est!□, j'y suis!□ ;
    ∎ oh, I get you! ah! j'ai pigé!
    (e) (take note of) remarquer;
    ∎ did you get his address? lui avez-vous demandé son adresse?
    ∎ get him! who does he think he is? vise un peu ce mec, mais pour qui il se prend?;
    ∎ get (a load of) that! vise un peu ça!
    (g) familiar (listen to) écouter□ ;
    ∎ get a load of this! écoute un peu ça!;
    ∎ get him! écoute-le, celui-là!;
    E.
    (a) familiar (hit) atteindre□ ; (hit and kill) tuer□ ;
    ∎ she got him in the face with a pie elle lui a jeté une tarte à la crème à la figure;
    ∎ the bullet got him in the back il a pris la balle ou la balle l'a atteint dans le dos;
    ∎ a car got him il a été tué par une voiture
    (b) familiar (harm, punish)
    ∎ everyone's out to get me tout le monde est après moi
    (c) familiar (take vengeance on) se venger de□ ;
    ∎ we'll get you for this! on te revaudra ça!;
    ∎ I'll get him for that! je lui revaudrai ça!
    ∎ the pain gets me in the back j'ai des douleurs dans le dos□
    ∎ that song really gets me cette chanson me fait vraiment quelque chose
    (f) familiar (baffle, puzzle)
    ∎ you've got me there alors là, aucune idée
    (g) familiar (irritate) énerver□, agacer□ ;
    ∎ it really gets me when you're late qu'est-ce que ça peut m'énerver quand tu es en retard!
    (h) American (learn) apprendre;
    ∎ to get sth by heart apprendre qch par cœur
    (i) archaic (beget) engendrer;
    ∎ to get sb with child faire un enfant à qn
    (j) Radio & Television (signal, station) capter, recevoir
    ∎ he got his in Vietnam il est mort au Viêt Nam□
    A.
    (a) (become) devenir;
    ∎ I'm getting hungry/thirsty je commence à avoir faim/soif;
    ∎ get dressed! habille-toi!;
    ∎ to get fat grossir;
    ∎ to get married se marier;
    ∎ to get divorced divorcer;
    ∎ don't get lost! ne vous perdez pas!;
    ∎ how did that vase get broken? comment se fait-il que ce vase soit cassé?;
    ∎ he got so he didn't want to go out any more il en est arrivé à ne plus vouloir sortir;
    ∎ to get old vieillir;
    ∎ it's getting late il se fait tard;
    ∎ this is getting boring ça devient ennuyeux;
    ∎ to get used to sth/doing sth s'habituer à qch/à faire qch;
    ∎ familiar will you get with it! mais réveille-toi un peu!
    ∎ to get elected se faire élire, être élu;
    ∎ suppose he gets killed et s'il se fait tuer?;
    ∎ to get drowned se noyer;
    ∎ we got paid last week on a été payés la semaine dernière;
    ∎ I'm always getting invited to parties on m'invite toujours à des soirées
    (c) (with present participle) (start) commencer à, se mettre à;
    ∎ let's get going or moving! (let's leave) allons-y!; (let's hurry) dépêchons(-nous)!, grouillons-nous!; (let's start to work) au travail!;
    ∎ I'll get going on that right away je m'y mets tout de suite;
    ∎ I can't seem to get going today je n'arrive pas à m'activer aujourd'hui;
    ∎ she got talking to the neighbours elle s'est mise à discuter avec les voisins;
    ∎ we got talking about racism nous en sommes venus à parler de racisme;
    ∎ he got to thinking about it il s'est mis à réfléchir à la question
    B.
    (a) (go) aller, se rendre; (arrive) arriver;
    ∎ when did you get home? quand es-tu rentré?;
    ∎ it's nice to get home ça fait du bien de rentrer chez soi;
    ∎ how do you get to the museum? comment est-ce qu'on fait pour aller au musée?;
    ∎ how did you get in here? comment êtes-vous entré?;
    ∎ they should get here today ils devraient arriver ici aujourd'hui;
    ∎ how did you get here? comment es-tu venu?;
    ∎ how did that bicycle get here? comment se fait-il que ce vélo se trouve ici?;
    ∎ I took the train from Madrid to get there j'ai pris le train de Madrid pour y aller;
    ∎ she's successful now but it took her a while to get there elle a une bonne situation maintenant, mais ça ne s'est pas fait du jour au lendemain;
    ∎ he got as far as buying the tickets il est allé jusqu'à acheter les billets;
    ∎ I'd hoped things wouldn't get this far j'avais espéré qu'on n'en arriverait pas là;
    ∎ are you getting anywhere with that report? il avance, ce rapport?;
    ∎ now you're getting somewhere! enfin tu avances!;
    ∎ I'm not getting anywhere or I'm getting nowhere with this project je fais du surplace avec ce projet;
    ∎ we're not getting anywhere with this meeting cette réunion est une perte de temps;
    ∎ she won't get anywhere or she'll get nowhere if she's rude to people elle n'arrivera à rien en étant grossière avec les gens;
    ∎ where's your sister got to? où est passée ta sœur?;
    ∎ where did my keys get to? où sont passées mes clés?
    ∎ he got along the ledge as best he could il a avancé le long du rebord du mieux qu'il pouvait;
    ∎ she got behind a tree elle s'est mise derrière un arbre;
    ∎ to get into bed se coucher;
    ∎ get in or into the car! monte dans la voiture!;
    ∎ get over here! viens ici!;
    ∎ we couldn't get past the truck nous ne pouvions pas passer le camion
    (c) (with infinitive) (start) commencer à, se mettre à;
    ∎ each city is getting to look like another toutes les grandes villes commencent à se ressembler;
    ∎ to get to know sb apprendre à connaître qn;
    ∎ we got to like her husband nous nous sommes mis à apprécier ou à aimer son mari;
    ∎ you'll get to like it in the end ça finira par te plaire;
    ∎ his father got to hear of the rumours son père a fini par entendre les rumeurs;
    ∎ he's getting to be known il commence à être connu, il se fait connaître;
    ∎ they got to talking about the past ils en sont venus ou ils se sont mis à parler du passé
    (d) (become) devenir;
    ∎ it's getting to be impossible to find a flat ça devient impossible de trouver un appartement;
    ∎ she may get to be president one day elle pourrait devenir ou être président un jour;
    ∎ they got to be friends ils sont devenus amis
    (e) (manage) réussir à;
    ∎ we never got to see that film nous n'avons jamais réussi à ou nous ne sommes jamais arrivés à voir ce film;
    ∎ I didn't get to speak to him in person je n'ai pas pu lui parler en personne
    ∎ he never gets to stay up late on ne le laisse jamais se coucher tard□ ;
    ∎ I never get to drive on ne me laisse jamais conduire□
    (g) familiar (leave) se tirer;
    ∎ get! fous le camp!, tire-toi!
    3 noun
    familiar (in tennis) beau retour□ m
    (a) (be up and about, move around) se déplacer;
    ∎ how do you get about town? comment vous déplacez-vous en ville?;
    ∎ she gets about on crutches/in a wheelchair elle se déplace avec des béquilles/en chaise roulante;
    ∎ I don't get about much these days je ne me déplace pas beaucoup ces temps-ci
    (b) (travel) voyager;
    ∎ I get about quite a bit in my job je suis assez souvent en déplacement pour mon travail
    ∎ she certainly gets about elle connaît beaucoup de monde
    (d) (story, rumour) se répandre, circuler;
    ∎ the news or it got about that they were splitting up la nouvelle de leur séparation s'est répandue
    (a) (succeed in crossing) traverser, passer;
    ∎ the river was flooded but we managed to get across la rivière était en crue mais nous avons réussi à traverser
    ∎ our message is not getting across notre message ne passe pas
    (a) (over water, street → person) faire traverser;
    ∎ we couldn't get the supplies across (across the river) nous ne pouvions pas faire passer les vivres de l'autre côté;
    ∎ it was easy to get the people across (across the border) il était facile de faire passer les gens
    (b) (communicate) communiquer;
    ∎ I can't seem to get the idea across to them je n'arrive pas à leur faire comprendre ça;
    ∎ he managed to get his point across il a réussi à faire passer son message
    poursuivre
    (succeed) réussir, arriver;
    ∎ to get ahead in life or in the world réussir dans la vie;
    ∎ if you want to get ahead at the office, you have to work si tu veux de l'avancement au bureau, il faut que tu travailles
    (a) (fare, manage) aller;
    ∎ how are you getting along? comment vas-tu?, comment ça va?;
    ∎ she's getting along well in her new job elle se débrouille bien dans son nouveau travail;
    ∎ we can get along without him nous pouvons nous passer de lui ou nous débrouiller sans lui
    (b) (advance, progress) avancer, progresser;
    ∎ the patient is getting along nicely le patient est en bonne voie ou fait des progrès
    (c) (be on good terms) s'entendre;
    ∎ we get along fine nous nous entendons très bien, nous faisons bon ménage;
    ∎ she doesn't get along with my mother elle ne s'entend pas avec ma mère;
    ∎ she's easy to get along with elle est facile à vivre
    (d) (move away) s'en aller, partir; (go) aller, se rendre;
    ∎ it's time for me to be getting along, it's time I was getting along il est temps que je parte;
    ∎ I must be getting along to the office il faut que j'aille au bureau;
    ∎ British get along with you! (leave) va-t'en!, fiche le camp!; familiar (I don't believe you) à d'autres!
    (obstacle, problem) contourner; (law, rule) tourner;
    ∎ there's no getting around it, we'll have to tell her il n'y a pas d'autre moyen, il va falloir que nous le lui disions;
    ∎ she won't get around to reading it before tomorrow elle n'arrivera pas à (trouver le temps de) le lire avant demain;
    ∎ he finally got around to fixing the radiator il a fini par ou il est finalement arrivé à réparer le radiateur;
    ∎ it was some time before I got around to writing to her j'ai mis pas mal de temps avant de lui écrire
    (a) (reach → object, shelf) atteindre; (→ place) parvenir à, atteindre;
    ∎ I've put the pills where the children can't get at them j'ai mis les pilules là où les enfants ne peuvent pas les prendre;
    ∎ familiar just let me get at him! si jamais il me tombe sous la main!
    (b) (discover) trouver;
    ∎ to get at the truth découvrir la vérité
    (c) (mean, intend) entendre;
    ∎ I see what you're getting at je vois où vous voulez en venir;
    ∎ just what are you getting at? qu'est-ce que vous entendez par là?, où voulez-vous en venir?;
    ∎ what I'm getting at is why did she leave now? ce que je veux dire, c'est pourquoi est-elle partie maintenant?
    (d) familiar (criticize) s'en prendre à□, s'attaquer à□ ;
    ∎ you're always getting at me tu t'en prends toujours à moi
    (e) familiar (bribe, influence) acheter, suborner□ ;
    ∎ the witnesses had been got at les témoins avaient été achetés
    (a) (leave) s'en aller, partir;
    ∎ she has to get away from home/her parents il faut qu'elle parte de chez elle/s'éloigne de ses parents;
    ∎ I was in a meeting and couldn't get away j'étais en réunion et je ne pouvais pas m'échapper ou m'en aller;
    ∎ will you be able to get away at Christmas? allez-vous pouvoir partir (en vacances) à Noël?;
    ∎ to get away from the daily grind échapper au train-train quotidien;
    ∎ get away from it all, come to Florida! quittez tout, venez en Floride!;
    ∎ she's gone off for a couple of weeks to get away from it all elle est partie quelques semaines loin de tout
    (b) (move away) s'éloigner;
    ∎ get away from that door! éloignez-vous ou écartez-vous de cette porte!;
    ∎ get away from me! fichez-moi le camp!
    (c) (escape) s'échapper, se sauver;
    ∎ the murderer got away l'assassin s'est échappé;
    ∎ the thief got away with all the jewels le voleur est parti ou s'est sauvé avec tous les bijoux;
    ∎ there's no getting away from or you can't get away from the fact that the other solution would have been cheaper on ne peut pas nier (le fait) que l'autre solution aurait coûté moins cher;
    ∎ you can't get away from it, there's no getting away from it c'est comme ça, on n'y peut rien
    ∎ get away (with you)! à d'autres!
    (remove → person) emmener;
    ∎ get that child away from the road! éloignez cet enfant de la route!;
    ∎ get me away from here! fais-moi sortir d'ici!;
    ∎ get your dog away from my garden! faites sortir votre chien de mon jardin!;
    ∎ they managed to get him away from the TV ils ont fini par l'arracher de devant la télévision;
    ∎ to get sth away from sb prendre qch à qn
    ∎ he got away with cheating on his taxes personne ne s'est aperçu qu'il avait fraudé le fisc;
    ∎ I can't believe you got away with it! je n'arrive pas à croire que personne ne t'ait rien dit!;
    ∎ he got away with a small fine il s'en est tiré avec une petite amende;
    ∎ that child gets away with murder on laisse tout faire à ce gamin;
    ∎ her skirt is really tiny but she gets away with it sa jupe est vraiment très courte mais elle peut se le permettre
    ∎ get back! éloignez-vous!, reculez!
    (b) (return) revenir, retourner;
    ∎ I can't wait to get back home je suis impatient de rentrer (à la maison);
    ∎ get back in bed! va te recoucher!, retourne au lit!;
    ∎ I got back in the car/on the bus je suis remonté dans la voiture/dans le bus;
    ∎ to get back to sleep se rendormir;
    ∎ to get back to work (after break) se remettre au travail; (after holiday, illness) reprendre le travail;
    ∎ things eventually got back to normal les choses ont peu à peu repris leur cours (normal);
    ∎ getting or to get back to the point pour en revenir au sujet qui nous préoccupe;
    ∎ let's get back to your basic reasons for leaving revenons aux raisons pour lesquelles vous voulez partir;
    ∎ I'll get back to you on that (call back) je vous rappelle pour vous dire ce qu'il en est; (discuss again) nous reparlerons de cela plus tard
    ∎ do you think the Democrats will get back in? croyez-vous que le parti démocrate reviendra au pouvoir?
    (a) (recover → something lost or lent) récupérer; (→ force, strength) reprendre, récupérer; (→ health, motivation) retrouver;
    ∎ he got his job back il a été repris;
    ∎ I got back nearly all the money I invested j'ai récupéré presque tout l'argent que j'avais investi;
    ∎ you'll have to get your money back from the shop il faut que vous vous fassiez rembourser par le magasin
    (b) (return) rendre;
    ∎ we have to get this book back to her il faut que nous lui rendions ce livre
    (c) (return to original place) remettre, replacer;
    ∎ I can't get it back in the box je n'arrive pas à le remettre ou le faire rentrer dans le carton;
    ∎ I want to get these suitcases back down to the cellar je veux redescendre ces valises à la cave;
    ∎ he managed to get the children back to bed il a réussi à remettre les enfants au lit
    ∎ to get one's own back (on sb) se venger (de qn)□
    se venger de;
    ∎ he only said it to get back at him il n'a dit ça que pour se venger de lui
    (gen) rester à l'arrière, se laisser distancer; Sport se laisser distancer; figurative prendre du retard;
    ∎ he got behind with his work il a pris du retard dans son travail;
    ∎ we mustn't get behind with the rent il ne faut pas qu'on soit en retard pour le loyer
    (support, sympathize with) appuyer
    ➲ get by
    (a) (pass) passer;
    ∎ let me get by laissez-moi passer
    (b) (be acceptable) passer, être acceptable;
    ∎ their work just about gets by leur travail est tout juste passable ou acceptable
    (c) (manage, survive) se débrouiller, s'en sortir;
    ∎ how do you get by on that salary? comment tu te débrouilles ou tu t'en sors avec un salaire comme ça?;
    ∎ they get by as best they can ils se débrouillent ou s'en sortent tant bien que mal;
    ∎ we can get by without him nous pouvons nous passer de lui ou nous débrouiller sans lui
    ∎ can you get by the washing machine? est-ce que vous avez assez de place pour passer à côté de la machine à laver?
    (b) (escape attention of → censor, editor) échapper à;
    ∎ her film got by the censors son film a échappé à l'attention de la censure
    descendre;
    ∎ get down off that chair! descends de cette chaise!;
    ∎ may I get down (from the table)? (leave the table) puis-je sortir de table?;
    ∎ they got down on their knees ils se sont mis à genoux;
    ∎ get down! (hide) couchez-vous!; (to dog) bas les pattes!
    (a) (bring, fetch down → book from shelf etc) descendre
    (b) (reduce → temperature, inflation etc) faire baisser;
    ∎ to get one's weight down perdre du poids
    (c) (write down) noter;
    ∎ I didn't manage to get down what she said je n'ai pas réussi à noter ce qu'elle a dit
    (d) (depress) déprimer, démoraliser;
    ∎ work is really getting me down at the moment le travail me déprime vraiment en ce moment;
    ∎ this rainy weather gets him down cette pluie lui fiche le cafard;
    ∎ don't let it get you down ne te laisse pas abattre
    (e) (swallow) avaler, faire descendre
    se mettre à;
    ∎ I have to get down to balancing the books il faut que je me mette à faire les comptes;
    ∎ it's not so difficult once you get down to it ce n'est pas si difficile une fois qu'on s'y met;
    ∎ he got down to working on it this morning il s'y est mis ou s'y est attelé ce matin;
    ∎ it's hard getting down to work after the weekend c'est difficile de reprendre le travail après le week-end;
    ∎ we eventually got down to details nous avons fini par en arriver aux détails;
    ∎ when you get down to it, there's very little difference between them en fin de compte, il y a très peu de différence entre eux
    ➲ get in
    ∎ the thief got in through the window le cambrioleur est entré par la fenêtre;
    ∎ a car pulled up and she got in une voiture s'est arrêtée et elle est montée dedans;
    ∎ water had got in everywhere l'eau avait pénétré partout
    (b) (return home) rentrer;
    ∎ we got in about 4 a.m. nous sommes rentrés vers 4 heures du matin
    (c) (arrive) arriver;
    ∎ what time does your plane get in? à quelle heure ton avion arrive-t-il?
    (d) (be admitted → to club) se faire admettre; (→ to school, university) entrer, être admis ou reçu;
    ∎ he applied to Oxford but he didn't get in il voulait entrer à Oxford mais il n'a pas pu
    (e) (be elected → person) être élu; (→ party) accéder au pouvoir
    (f) familiar (become involved) participer□ ;
    ∎ she got in at the beginning elle est arrivée au début□
    (g) (interject) glisser;
    ∎ "what about me?" she managed to get in "et moi?" réussit-elle à glisser
    ∎ I hope to get in a bit of reading on holiday j'espère pouvoir lire ou que je trouverai le temps de lire pendant mes vacances;
    ∎ she got in some last-minute revision before the exam elle a réussi à faire des révisions de dernière minute avant l'examen
    (b) (insert) faire pénétrer;
    ∎ I couldn't get a word in je n'ai pas pu placer un mot, je n'ai pas pu en placer une
    (c) (collect, gather → crops) rentrer, engranger; (→ debts) recouvrer; (→ taxes) percevoir
    ∎ I must get in some more coal je dois faire une provision de charbon;
    ∎ to get in supplies s'approvisionner
    (e) (call in → doctor, plumber) faire venir; (→ dog, cat) faire rentrer;
    ∎ shouldn't Elaine be in on this meeting? - of course, could you get her in? on n'a pas besoin d'Elaine pour cette réunion? - si, bien sûr, tu peux lui demander de venir?
    (f) (hand in, submit) rendre, remettre;
    ∎ did you get your application in on time? as-tu remis ton dossier de candidature à temps?
    (g) (cause to be admitted → to club, university) faire admettre ou accepter; (cause to be elected) faire élire
    (h) (plant → seeds) planter, semer; (→ bulbs, plants) planter
    (i) British familiar (pay for, stand) payer□, offrir□ ;
    ∎ he got the next round in il a payé la tournée suivante
    (building) entrer dans; (vehicle) monter dans;
    ∎ he had just got in the door when the phone rang il venait juste d'arriver ou d'entrer quand le téléphone a sonné
    ∎ to get in on a deal prendre part à un marché;
    ∎ to get in on the fun se mettre de la partie
    faire participer à;
    ∎ he got me in on the deal il m'a intéressé à l'affaire
    (a) (building) entrer dans; (vehicle) monter dans
    (b) (arrive in) arriver à;
    ∎ we get into Madrid at 3 o'clock nous arrivons à Madrid à 3 heures;
    ∎ the train got into the station le train est entré en gare
    (c) (put on → dress, shirt, shoes) mettre; (→ trousers, stockings) enfiler, mettre; (→ coat) endosser;
    ∎ she got into her clothes elle a mis ses vêtements ou s'est habillée;
    ∎ can you still get into your jeans? est-ce que tu rentres encore dans ton jean?
    (d) (be admitted to → club, school, university) entrer dans;
    ∎ he'd like to get into the club il voudrait devenir membre du club;
    ∎ her daughter got into medical school sa fille a été admise dans ou est entrée dans une école de médecine;
    ∎ to get into office être élu
    ∎ he wants to get into politics il veut se lancer dans la politique;
    ∎ they got into a conversation about South Africa ils se sont mis à parler de l'Afrique du Sud;
    ∎ we got into a fight over who had to do the dishes nous nous sommes disputés pour savoir qui devait faire la vaisselle;
    ∎ this is not the moment to get into that ce n'est pas le moment de parler de ça
    (f) familiar (take up) s'intéresser à□ ;
    ∎ he got into Eastern religions il a commencé à s'intéresser aux religions orientales;
    ∎ it's a hard book to get into c'est un livre dans lequel il est difficile de rentrer □
    ∎ he soon got into her way of doing things il s'est vite fait ou s'est vite mis à sa façon de faire les choses
    ∎ to get into debt s'endetter;
    ∎ he got into a real mess il s'est mis dans un vrai pétrin;
    ∎ the children were always getting into mischief les enfants passaient leur temps à faire des bêtises;
    ∎ I got into a real state about the test j'étais dans tous mes états à cause du test;
    ∎ she got into trouble with the teacher elle a eu des ennuis avec le professeur
    ∎ what's got into you? qu'est-ce qui te prend?, quelle mouche te pique?;
    ∎ I wonder what got into him to make him act like that je me demande ce qui l'a poussé à réagir comme ça
    ∎ to get sth into sth (faire) (r)entrer qch dans qch;
    ∎ to get the key into the lock mettre ou introduire la clef dans la serrure;
    ∎ to get an article into a paper faire accepter un article par un journal;
    ∎ to get an idea into one's head se mettre une idée en tête;
    ∎ familiar when will you get it into your thick head that I don't want to go? quand est-ce que tu vas enfin comprendre que je ne veux pas y aller?□
    (b) (cause to be admitted to → club) faire entrer à; (→ school, university) faire entrer dans;
    ∎ he got his friend into the club il a permis à son ami de devenir membre du club;
    ∎ the president got his son into Harvard le président a fait entrer ou accepter ou admettre son fils à Harvard
    ∎ she got herself into a terrible state elle s'est mis dans tous ses états;
    ∎ he got them into a lot of trouble il leur a attiré de gros ennuis
    (d) (involve in) impliquer dans, entraîner dans;
    ∎ you're the one who got us into this c'est toi qui nous as embarqués dans cette histoire
    (e) familiar (make interested in) faire découvrir□ ; (accustom to) habituer à□, faire prendre l'habitude de□ ;
    ∎ he got me into jazz il m'a initié au jazz□
    (a) (ingratiate oneself with) s'insinuer dans ou s'attirer les bonnes grâces de, se faire bien voir de;
    ∎ they tried to get in with the new director ils ont essayé de se faire bien voir du nouveau directeur
    (b) (associate with → person, group etc) fréquenter;
    ∎ he has got in with a new gang il n'est pas plus avec la même bande;
    ∎ she got in with the wrong crowd at school elle avait de mauvaises fréquentations à l'école
    ➲ get off
    (a) (leave bus, train etc) descendre;
    ∎ get off at the next stop descendez au prochain arrêt;
    ∎ familiar I told him where to get off! je l'ai envoyé sur les roses!, je l'ai envoyé promener!;
    ∎ familiar where do you get off telling me what to do? qu'est-ce qui te prend de me dicter ce que je dois faire?
    (b) (depart → person) s'en aller, partir; (→ car) démarrer; (→ plane) décoller; (→ letter, parcel) partir;
    ∎ I have to be getting off to work il faut que j'aille au travail;
    ∎ figurative the project got off to a bad/good start le projet a pris un mauvais/bon départ
    (c) (leave work) finir, s'en aller; (take time off) se libérer;
    ∎ what time do you get off? à quelle heure finissez-vous?;
    ∎ can you get off early tomorrow? peux-tu quitter le travail de bonne heure demain?
    (d) (escape punishment) s'en sortir, s'en tirer, en être quitte;
    ∎ she didn't think she'd get off so lightly elle n'espérait pas s'en tirer à si bon compte;
    ∎ the students got off with a fine/warning les étudiants en ont été quittes pour une amende/un avertissement
    ∎ hey! get off! that's MY book! hé! laisse ça! c'est mon livre ou c'est à moi ce livre!
    (f) (go to sleep) s'endormir
    (a) (leave → bus, train, plane etc) descendre de
    (b) (descend from → bike, wall, chair etc) descendre de;
    ∎ he got off his horse il est descendu de cheval;
    ∎ if only the boss would get off my back si seulement le patron me fichait la paix
    (c) (depart from) partir de, décamper de;
    ∎ get off my property fichez le camp de chez moi;
    ∎ get off the grass! ne marche pas sur la pelouse!;
    ∎ we got off the road to let the ambulance pass nous sommes sortis de la route pour laisser passer l'ambulance
    ∎ get off me! laisse-moi tranquille!, lâche-moi!
    (e) (escape from) se libérer de; (avoid) échapper à;
    ∎ she managed to get off work elle a réussi à se libérer;
    ∎ how did you get off doing the housework? comment as-tu fait pour échapper au ménage?
    (a) (cause to leave, climb down) faire descendre;
    ∎ get the cat off the table fais descendre le chat de (sur) la table;
    ∎ the conductor got the passengers off the train le conducteur a fait descendre les passagers du train;
    ∎ figurative try to get her mind off her troubles essaie de lui changer les idées
    (b) (send) envoyer, faire partir;
    ∎ I want to get this letter off je veux expédier cette lettre ou mettre cette lettre à la poste;
    ∎ she got the boys off to school elle a expédié ou envoyé les garçons à l'école;
    ∎ we got him off on the morning train nous l'avons mis au train du matin
    (c) (remove → clothing, lid) enlever, ôter; (→ stains) faire partir ou disparaître, enlever;
    ∎ I can't get this ink off my hands je n'arrive pas à faire partir cette encre de mes mains;
    ∎ get your hands off that cake! ne touche pas à ce gâteau!;
    ∎ get your hands off me! ne me touche pas!;
    ∎ get your feet off the table! enlève tes pieds de sur la table!;
    ∎ figurative he'd like to get that house off his hands il aimerait bien se débarrasser de cette maison
    (d) (free from punishment) tirer d'affaire; (in court) faire acquitter;
    ∎ he'll need a good lawyer to get him off il lui faudra un bon avocat pour se tirer d'affaire;
    ∎ to get sb off doing sth dispenser qn de faire qch
    (e) (put to sleep) endormir;
    ∎ I've just managed to get the baby off (to sleep) je viens de réussir à endormir le bébé
    ∎ to get a day/week off prendre un jour/une semaine de congé;
    ∎ can you get tomorrow afternoon/next week off? est-ce que tu peux prendre un congé demain après-midi/la semaine prochaine?
    ∎ to get sth off sb obtenir qch de qn;
    ∎ I got that story off the woman next door je tiens cette histoire de la voisine;
    ∎ I got this cold off the woman next door la voisine m'a passé son rhume
    ∎ he gets off on pornographic films il prend son pied en regardant des films pornos;
    ∎ is that what you get off on? c'est comme ça que tu prends ton pied?;
    ∎ figurative he gets off on teasing people il adore taquiner les gens□ ;
    ∎ I really get off on hip-hop! j'adore le hip-hop!□
    ∎ he gets off on heroin il se défonce à l'héroïne
    ∎ to get off with sb faire une touche avec qn
    ➲ get on
    (a) (on bus, plane, train) monter; (on ship) monter à bord
    (b) (fare, manage)
    ∎ how's your husband getting on? comment va votre mari?;
    ∎ how did he get on at the interview? comment s'est passé son entretien?, comment ça a marché pour son entretien?;
    ∎ you'll get on far better if you think about it first tout ira mieux si tu réfléchis avant
    (c) (make progress) avancer, progresser;
    ∎ Jennifer is getting on very well in maths Jennifer se débrouille très bien en maths;
    ∎ how's your work getting on? ça avance, ton travail?
    (d) (succeed) réussir, arriver;
    ∎ to get on in life or in the world faire son chemin ou réussir dans la vie;
    ∎ some say that in order to get on, you often have to compromise il y a des gens qui disent que pour réussir (dans la vie), il faut souvent faire des compromis
    (e) (continue) continuer;
    ∎ we must be getting on il faut que nous partions;
    ∎ do you think we can get on with the meeting now? croyez-vous que nous puissions poursuivre notre réunion maintenant?;
    ∎ get on with your work! allez! au travail!;
    ∎ they got on with the job ils se sont remis au travail
    (f) (be on good terms) s'entendre;
    ∎ my mother and I get on well je m'entends bien avec ma mère;
    ∎ they don't get on ils ne s'entendent pas;
    ∎ she's never got on with him elle ne s'est jamais entendue avec lui;
    ∎ to be difficult/easy to get on with être difficile/facile à vivre
    (g) (grow late → time)
    ∎ time's getting on il se fait tard;
    ∎ it was getting on in the evening, the evening was getting on la soirée tirait à sa fin
    (h) (grow old → person) se faire vieux (vieille);
    ∎ she's getting on (in years) elle commence à se faire vieille
    ∎ get on with it! (continue speaking) continuez!; (continue working) allez! au travail!; (hurry up) mais dépêchez-vous enfin!;
    ∎ familiar get on with you! (I don't believe you) à d'autres!
    (bus, train) monter dans; (plane) monter dans, monter à bord de; (ship) monter à bord de; (bed, horse, table, bike) monter sur;
    ∎ he got on his bike il est monté sur ou il a enfourché son vélo;
    ∎ get on your feet levez-vous, mettez-vous debout;
    ∎ how did these papers get on my desk? comment est-ce que ces papiers se sont retrouvés ou sont arrivés sur mon bureau?;
    ∎ figurative it took the patient a while to get (back) on his feet le patient a mis longtemps à se remettre
    (a) (help onto → bus, train) faire monter dans; (→ bed, bike, horse, table) faire monter sur;
    ∎ they got him on his feet ils l'ont mis debout;
    ∎ figurative the doctor got her on her feet le médecin l'a remise sur pied
    (b) (coat, gloves, shoes) mettre, enfiler; (lid) mettre;
    ∎ I can't get these trousers on any more je n'entre plus dans ce pantalon
    ∎ to get it on (with sb) (have sex) s'envoyer en l'air (avec qn); (fight) se friter (avec qn);
    ∎ to get it on (get started) s'y mettre□
    ∎ the president is getting on for sixty le président approche de la soixantaine ou a presque soixante ans;
    ∎ it's getting on for midnight il est presque minuit, il n'est pas loin de minuit;
    ∎ it's getting on for three weeks since we saw her ça va faire bientôt trois semaines que nous ne l'avons pas vue;
    ∎ there were getting on for ten thousand demonstrators il n'y avait pas loin ou il y avait près de dix mille manifestants
    ∎ to get onto a subject or onto a topic aborder un sujet;
    ∎ how did we get onto reincarnation? comment est-ce qu'on en est venus à parler de réincarnation?;
    ∎ I'll get right onto it! je vais m'y mettre tout de suite!
    (c) (contact) prendre contact avec, se mettre en rapport avec; (speak to) parler à; (call) téléphoner à, donner un coup de fil à
    (d) familiar (become aware of) découvrir□ ;
    ∎ the plan worked well until the police got onto it le plan marchait bien jusqu'à ce que la police tombe dessus
    (e) (nag, rebuke) harceler;
    ∎ his father is always getting onto him to find a job son père est toujours à le harceler pour qu'il trouve du travail
    ∎ he got onto the school board il a été élu au conseil d'administration de l'école
    (a)
    (b) (cause to talk about) faire parler de, amener à parler de;
    ∎ we got him onto (the subject of) his activities in the Resistance nous l'avons amené à parler de ses activités dans la Résistance
    ➲ get out
    (a) (leave building, room etc) sortir; (leave vehicle) descendre; (leave organization, town) quitter;
    ∎ he got out of the car il est sorti de la voiture;
    ∎ to get out of bed se lever, sortir de son lit;
    ∎ you'd better get out of here tu ferais bien de partir ou sortir;
    ∎ get out! sortez!;
    ∎ get out of here! (leave) sortez d'ici!; American familiar (I don't believe it) mon œil!;
    ∎ to get out while the going is good partir au bon moment
    (b) (go out) sortir;
    ∎ they don't get out much ils ne sortent pas beaucoup
    (c) (be released from prison, hospital) sortir
    (d) (information, news) se répandre, s'ébruiter;
    ∎ the secret got out le secret a été éventé
    (e) (escape) s'échapper;
    ∎ the prisoner got out of his cell le prisonnier s'est échappé de sa cellule;
    ∎ he was lucky to get out alive il a eu de la chance de s'en sortir vivant
    ∎ theaters were getting out les gens sortaient des théâtres
    (a) (bring out → champagne, furniture, books, car) sortir; (person) (faire) sortir;
    ∎ to get a book out from the library emprunter un livre à la bibliothèque
    (b) (produce, publish → book) publier, sortir; (→ list) établir, dresser
    (c) (speak with difficulty) prononcer, sortir;
    ∎ I could barely get a word out c'est à peine si je pouvais dire ou prononcer ou sortir un mot;
    ∎ familiar to get out from under s'en sortir□, s'en tirer□
    (d) (free → hostages etc) libérer
    (e) (remove) enlever; (nail etc) arracher; (cork) retirer; (stain) faire disparaître
    (f) Sport (in cricket → batsman) renverser le guichet à
    (a) (leave → building) sortir de; (car, train) descendre de;
    ∎ let's get out of here partons d'ici;
    ∎ he managed to get out of the country (criminal, refugee) il a réussi à quitter le pays;
    ∎ to get out of bed se lever;
    ∎ to get out of prison/the army sortir de prison/quitter l'armée;
    ∎ to get out of sb's way s'écarter du chemin de qn, faire place à qn;
    ∎ very familiar get the hell out of here! fiche(-moi) le camp!
    (b) (avoid) éviter, échapper à; (obligation) se dérober ou se soustraire à;
    ∎ how did you get out of doing the dishes? comment as-tu pu échapper à la vaisselle?;
    ∎ he tried to get out of helping me il a essayé de se débrouiller pour ne pas devoir m'aider;
    ∎ we have to go, there's no getting out of it il faut qu'on y aille, il n'y a rien à faire ou il n'y a pas moyen d'y échapper;
    ∎ there's no getting out of it, you were the better candidate il faut le reconnaître ou il n'y a pas à dire, vous étiez le meilleur candidat
    ∎ to get out of trouble se tirer d'affaire;
    ∎ they managed to get out of the clutches of the mafia ils ont réussi à se tirer des griffes de la mafia;
    ∎ how can I get out of this mess? comment puis-je me tirer de ce pétrin?
    ∎ to get out of (the habit of) doing sth perdre l'habitude de faire qch
    (a) (take out of) sortir de;
    ∎ get the baby out of the house every now and then sors le bébé de temps en temps;
    ∎ she got a handkerchief out of her handbag elle a sorti un mouchoir de son sac à main;
    ∎ how many books did you get out of the library? combien de livres as-tu emprunté à ou sorti de la bibliothèque?
    ∎ the lawyer got his client out of jail l'avocat a fait sortir son client de prison;
    ∎ figurative the phone call got her out of having to talk to me le coup de fil lui a évité d'avoir à me parler;
    ∎ he'll never get himself out of this one! il ne s'en sortira jamais!;
    ∎ my confession got him out of trouble ma confession l'a tiré d'affaire
    (c) (extract → cork) sortir de; (→ nail, splinter) enlever de; (→ stain) faire partir de, enlever de;
    ∎ I can't get the cork out of the bottle je n'arrive pas à déboucher la bouteille;
    ∎ the police got a confession/the truth out of him la police lui a arraché une confession/la vérité;
    ∎ we got the money out of him nous avons réussi à obtenir l'argent de lui;
    ∎ I can't get anything out of him je ne peux rien tirer de lui;
    ∎ I can't get the idea out of my mind je ne peux pas chasser cette idée de mon esprit
    (d) (gain from) gagner, retirer;
    ∎ to get a lot out of sth tirer (un) grand profit de qch;
    ∎ I didn't get much out of that class ce cours ne m'a pas apporté grand-chose, je n'ai pas retiré grand-chose de ce cours;
    ∎ the job was difficult but she got something out of it la tâche était difficile, mais elle y a trouvé son compte ou en a tiré profit
    (a) (cross → river, street) traverser, franchir; (→ fence, wall) franchir, passer par-dessus
    (b) (recover from → illness) se remettre de, guérir de; (→ accident) se remettre de; (→ loss) se remettre de, se consoler de;
    ∎ I'll never get over her je ne l'oublierai jamais;
    ∎ he can't get over her death il n'arrive pas à se remettre de sa mort ou disparition;
    ∎ we couldn't get over our surprise nous n'arrivions pas à nous remettre de notre surprise;
    ∎ I can't get over how much he's grown! qu'est-ce qu'il a grandi, je n'en reviens pas!;
    ∎ I can't get over it! je n'en reviens pas!;
    ∎ he couldn't get over the fact that she had come back il n'en revenait pas qu'elle soit revenue;
    ∎ I can't get over your having refused je n'en reviens pas que vous ayez refusé;
    ∎ he'll get over it! il n'en mourra pas!
    (c) (master, overcome → obstacle) surmonter; (→ difficulty) surmonter, venir à bout de;
    ∎ they soon got over their shyness ils ont vite oublié ou surmonté leur timidité
    (a) (cause to cross) faire traverser
    (b) (communicate → idea, message) faire passer
    (a) (cross) traverser;
    ∎ to get over to France/America aller en France/Amérique;
    ∎ we'll try to get over next weekend (to visit) nous essayerons de venir vous voir le week-end prochain
    (b) (idea, message) passer
    (finish with) en finir avec;
    ∎ let's get it over with finissons-en;
    ∎ I expect you'll be glad to get it over with j'imagine que vous serez soulagé quand ce sera terminé
    (b) (exhibition, museum) faire le tour de; (corner) passer
    ∎ (bring, take) I'll get the books round (to you) as soon as I can je t'apporterai les livres dès que je le pourrai
    (b) the doctor said she'd get round as soon as she could le docteur a dit qu'elle viendrait ou passerait dès qu'elle pourrait;
    ∎ I didn't manage to get round to each pupil in the class je n'ai pas réussi à m'occuper de chaque élève de la classe
    ∎ the road was blocked and no one could get through la route était bloquée et personne ne pouvait passer;
    ∎ they managed to get through to the wounded ils ont réussi à parvenir jusqu'aux blessés;
    ∎ the letter got through to her la lettre lui est parvenue;
    ∎ the message didn't get through le message n'est pas arrivé;
    ∎ despite the crowds, I managed to get through malgré la foule, j'ai réussi à passer
    (b) (candidate, student → succeed) réussir; (→ in exam) être reçu, réussir;
    ∎ the team got through to the final l'équipe s'est classée pour la finale
    (c) (bill, motion) passer, être adopté ou voté
    (d) (make oneself understood) se faire comprendre;
    ∎ I can't seem to get through to her elle et moi ne sommes pas sur la même longueur d'onde
    (e) (contact) contacter; Telecommunications obtenir la communication;
    ∎ I can't get through to his office je n'arrive pas à avoir son bureau
    (f) American (finish) finir, terminer;
    ∎ call me when you get through appelez-moi quand vous aurez ou avez fini
    (a) (come through → hole, window) passer par; (→ crowd) se frayer un chemin à travers ou dans; (→ military lines) percer, franchir
    (b) (survive → storm, winter) survivre à; (→ difficulty) se sortir de, se tirer de;
    ∎ he got through it alive il s'en est sorti (vivant)
    (c) (complete, finish → book) finir, terminer; (→ job, project) achever, venir à bout de;
    ∎ I got through an enormous amount of work j'ai abattu beaucoup de travail;
    ∎ it took us one week to get through the entire play il nous a fallu une semaine pour venir à bout de la pièce
    (d) (consume, use up) consommer, utiliser;
    ∎ we get through a litre of olive oil a week nous utilisons un litre d'huile d'olive par semaine;
    ∎ they got through their monthly salary in one week en une semaine ils avaient dépensé tout leur salaire du mois;
    ∎ he gets through eight shirts a week il salit huit chemises par semaine;
    ∎ we'll never get through all this food nous ne viendrons jamais à bout de toute cette nourriture
    (e) (endure, pass → time) faire passer;
    ∎ how will I get through this without you? comment pourrai-je vivre cette épreuve sans toi?;
    ∎ they got through the day without a single argument ils ne se sont pas disputés une seule fois de toute la journée;
    ∎ the Government may have difficulty getting through another six months le gouvernement aura peut-être du mal à tenir encore six mois
    (f) (exam) réussir, être reçu à
    (g) (of bill, motion) passer;
    ∎ the bill got through both Houses le projet de loi a été adopté par les deux Chambres
    (a) (transport, send successfully) faire parvenir;
    ∎ they got the food supplies through ils ont réussi à faire parvenir les provisions alimentaires (à destination);
    ∎ to get sth through customs (faire) passer qch à la douane;
    ∎ you'll never get that desk through tu n'arriveras jamais à faire passer ce bureau
    (b) (transmit → message) faire passer, transmettre, faire parvenir;
    ∎ can you get this letter through to my family? pouvez-vous transmettre ou faire parvenir cette lettre à ma famille?
    ∎ I finally got it through to him that I wasn't interested j'ai fini par lui faire comprendre que je n'étais pas intéressé;
    ∎ familiar when will you get it through your thick head that I don't want to go? quand est-ce que tu vas enfin comprendre que je ne veux pas y aller?□
    (d) (bill, motion) faire adopter, faire passer;
    ∎ the party got the bill through the Senate le parti a fait voter ou adopter le projet de loi par le Sénat
    ∎ it was your essay that got you through (the exam) c'est grâce à ta dissertation que tu as réussi l'examen
    ∎ I need four cups of coffee to get me through the day il me faut mes quatre tasses de café par jour
    terminer, finir
    (a) (reach) arriver à;
    ∎ where have you got to? (in book, work) où en es-tu?;
    ∎ it got to the point where he couldn't walk another step il en est arrivé au point de ne plus pouvoir faire un pas
    (b) (deal with) s'occuper de;
    ∎ I'll get to you in a minute je suis à toi ou je m'occupe de toi dans quelques secondes;
    ∎ he'll get to it tomorrow il va s'en occuper demain
    ∎ that music really gets to me (moves me) cette musique me touche vraiment□ ; (annoys me) cette musique me tape sur le système;
    ∎ don't let it get to you! ne t'énerve pas pour ça!
    ∎ they got to the witness (bribed) ils ont acheté le témoin; (killed) ils ont descendu le témoin
    (a) (meet) se réunir, se rassembler;
    ∎ can we get together after the meeting? on peut se retrouver après la réunion?
    (b) (reach an agreement) se mettre d'accord;
    ∎ the committee got together on the date les membres du comité se sont entendus ou se sont mis d'accord sur la date;
    ∎ you'd better get together with him on the proposal vous feriez bien de vous entendre avec lui au sujet de la proposition
    (people) réunir, rassembler; (things) rassembler, ramasser; (thoughts) rassembler;
    ∎ to get some money together réunir une somme d'argent;
    ∎ let me get my thoughts together laissez-moi rassembler mes idées;
    ∎ familiar to get one's act together se secouer;
    ∎ familiar she's really got it together (in life) elle sait ce qu'elle fait□ ; (in job etc) elle domine son sujet□ ;
    ∎ familiar I never thought he would get it together je n'aurais jamais pensé qu'il y arriverait□
    ➲ get up
    (a) (arise from bed) se lever;
    ∎ it was 6 o'clock when we got up il était 6 heures quand nous nous sommes levés;
    ∎ I like to get up late on Sundays j'aime faire la grasse matinée le dimanche;
    ∎ get up! sors du lit!, debout!, lève-toi!
    (b) (rise to one's feet) se lever, se mettre debout;
    ∎ she had to get up from her chair elle a été obligée de se lever de sa chaise;
    ∎ to get up from the table se lever ou sortir de table;
    ∎ get up off the floor! relève-toi!;
    ∎ please don't bother getting up restez assis, je vous prie
    (c) (climb up) monter;
    ∎ they got up on the roof ils sont montés sur le toit;
    ∎ she got up behind him on the motorcycle elle est montée derrière lui sur la moto
    (d) (of wind) se lever
    ∎ get up! allez!
    (stairs) monter; (ladder, tree) monter à; (hill) gravir
    (a) (cause to rise to feet) faire lever; (awaken) réveiller
    (b) (move up) monter;
    ∎ how are we going to get this desk up to the fifth floor? comment allons-nous monter ce bureau jusqu'au cinquième étage?;
    ∎ to get sb up the stairs (help climb) aider qn à monter l'escalier
    (c) (generate, work up)
    ∎ to get up speed gagner de la vitesse;
    ∎ to get one's courage up rassembler son courage;
    ∎ I can't get up any enthusiasm for the job je n'arrive pas à éprouver d'enthousiasme pour ce travail
    (d) familiar (organize → entertainment, party) organiser□, monter□ ; (→ petition) organiser□ ; (→ play) monter□ ; (→ excuse, story) fabriquer□, forger□
    (e) (dress up) habiller; (in costume) déguiser;
    ∎ their children are always so nicely got up leurs enfants sont toujours si bien habillés;
    ∎ to get oneself up se mettre sur son trente et un
    (f) familiar (study → subject) bûcher, travailler□ ; (→ notes, speech) préparer□
    ∎ to get it up bander
    (a) (do) faire;
    ∎ he gets up to all kinds of mischief il fait des tas de bêtises;
    ∎ what have you been getting up to lately? qu'est-ce que tu deviens?
    ∎ I've got up to chapter 5 j'en suis au chapitre 5;
    ∎ where have you got up to? (in book, work) où en êtes-vous?

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > get

  • 12 keep

    1. I
    1) is it worth keeping? стоит ли это хранить?
    2) this book is yours to keep можете оставить эту книгу себе. эту книгу я вам дарю
    3) butter (eggs, meat, apples, etc.) will keep масло и т. д. не испортится; chocolates that will keep шоколад, который может долго лежать
    4) the news (this statement, etc.) will keep с этим сообщением и т. д. можно повременить; this information can't keep эту информацию нельзя задерживать /нужно скорее опубликовать/; my revenge will keep отомстить я еще успею; it will keep! успеется!
    5) have a family (one's parents, a wife and two children, etc.) to keep иметь на иждивении /содержать/ семью и т. д.
    2. II
    1) keep somewhere keep at home (indoors, in, etc.) оставаться /сидеть/ дома, не выходить из дому; keep in some manner keep together держаться вместе, не разлучаться; let's keep together or we shall lose each other давайте держаться вместе, а то мы потеряем друг друга; if all the cars keep together we shall be quite safe если все машины пойдут вместе, нам нечего бояться; they kept abreast они шли в одну шеренгу
    2) keep in some manner keep well (quite well, all right, etc.) хорошо и т. д. сохраняться; keep for some time cold milk (dried fruit, smoked fish, etc.) keeps longer холодное молоко и т. д. дольше сохраняется / не портится/; fish do not keep long рыба не может долго лежать id how are you keeping? как вы себя чувствуете?, как здоровье?; she is not keeping well она себя неважно чувствует
    3. III
    1) keep smth. keep one's old letters (one's old clothes, his books, the archives, etc.) хранить старые письма и т. д.; this is [the place] where I keep my things (my money, my stores, etc.) вот где я держу свои вещи и т. д.; he can make money but he cannot keep it он умеет зарабатывать деньги, но не умеет их беречь
    2) keep smth. keep this book (this toy, this photograph, etc.) оставлять эту книгу и т. д. себе; since you have found this watch you may keep it раз вы нашли эти часы, то можете оставить их себе [навсегда]; you can keep the box, I don't need it any longer мне больше не нужна эта коробка, оставьте ее себе; keep the change сдачи не надо, оставьте сдачу себе
    3) keep smth. keep the job не менять места работы, работать на том же месте; keep one's seat /one's place/ оставаться на месте, не вставать с места; keep one's room не выходить из комнаты; keep one's bed не вставать с постели: keep one's feet удержаться на ногах, не упасть; keep the saddle удержаться в седле; keep one's balance /one's feet/ удерживать равновесие; keep the middle of the road (the road, the path, one's course, etc.) держаться середины /идти по середине/ дороги и т. д.; keep one's way идти своей дорогой, не сворачивать со своего пути; keep the speed идти с той же скоростью, не сбавлять или не увеличивать скорость; keep time отбивать такт; keep good time верно показывать время
    4) keep smth. keep one's temper (one's presence of mind, one's self-possession, one's composure, etc.) сохранять спокойствие и т. д., не терять спокойствия и т. д.; keep one's head не терять головы; keep silence молчать, хранить молчание; keep one's distance а) держаться на расстоянии; б) не допускать фамильярности
    5) keep smth. keep fruit (vegetables, food, etc.) сохранять фрукты и т. д., не давать фруктам и т. д. портиться; keep its shape (its colour, etc.) сохранять /не терять/ форму и т. д., keep one's figure сохранять фигуру; keep one's looks не дурнеть, сохранять привлекательность; keep good health оставаться в добром здравии
    6) keep smb. what is keeping you? почему вы задерживаетесь /опаздываете/?; don't let me keep you я не буду вас задерживать
    7) keep smth. keep a bridge (a fort, a fortress, the gates of a town, one's grounds, etc.) защищать /удерживать/ мост и т. д.; keep the wicket защищать ворота (а крикете), keep the goal стоять в воротах, защищать ворота (в футболе)
    8) keep smth. keep the rules (the law, order, commandments, etc.) соблюдать /не нарушать/ правила и т. д., придерживаться правил и т. д.; keep a treaty /an agreement/ выполнять /соблюдать/ условия договора; keep an appointment приходить на [деловое] свидание, приходить в назначенное время (место и т. п.); keep a date coll. приходить на свидание: keep one's word (one's promise, etc.) (с)держать слово и т. д., быть верным своему слову и т. д., keep a secret /one's own counsel/ помалкивать, хранить тайну; can you keep a secret? вы умеете молчать /держать язык за зубами/?; keep faith сохранять верность; keep peace сохранять /поддерживать/ мир; keep regular hours ложиться спать и вставать в одно и то же время, вести размеренную жизнь; keep late hours не ложиться /сидеть, работать/ допоздна; keep early hours рано ложиться и рано вставать; we keep late hours in this office в нашем учреждении рабочий день кончается поздно; keep one's birthday (festivals, etc.) отмечать /праздновать/ день рождения и т. д.; keep a fast (Sundays, rites, etc.) соблюдать пост и т. д., keep a ceremony отправлять /совершать/ обряд
    9) keep smb. keep a family (an old mother, a wife and six children, etc.) обеспечивать /содержать/ семью и т. д.; at his age he ought to be able to keep himself в его возрасте пора бы самому зарабатывать на жизнь; he doesn't earn enough to keep himself он себя не может прокормить
    10) keep smth., smb. keep a car (a garden, a horse, etc.) иметь машину и т. д.; keep an inn (a hotel, a school, etc.) держать небольшую гостиницу и т. д.; he kept a bar у неге был бар, он был хозяином бара; keep chickens (poultry, bees, sheep, cattles, etc.) держать /разводить/ цыплят и т. д.; keep a cook (a gardener, servants, a butler, a maid, etc.) держать повара и т. д.; keep boarders держать постояльцев; keep lodgers пускать жильцов; she keeps my dog when I am away я оставляю у нее свою собаку /она смотрит за моей собакой/, когда уезжаю; keep good (bad, rough, etc.) company водиться / дружить/ с хорошей и т. д. компанией /с хорошими и т. д. людьми/
    11) keep smth. keep butter (eggs, tea, wine, meat, etc.) иметь [в продаже] масло и т. д., торговать маслом и т. д., this shop keeps everything you need (fresh eggs, fruit, etc.) в этом магазине есть [в продаже] все, что вам нужно и т. д., keep a stock (a large supply) of machine parts (of vegetables, of socks, etc.) иметь на складе или в ассортименте запас (большое количество) деталей машин и т. д.; do you sell buttons? - I am sorry, but we do not keep them у вас продаются пуговицы? - Нет, у нас их в продаже не бывает
    12) keep smth. keep a diary (the score, records, accounts, books, the register, etc.) вести дневник и т. д.; keep house вести хозяйство; keep watch дежурить, стоять на часах
    4. IV
    1) keep smth. in some manner keep one's papers (one's toys, one's books, etc.) together держать свой документы и т. д. в одном месте; I wish you learnt to keep your things together and not leave them all over the house когда же ты научишься держать свой вещи в одном месте и не разбрасывать их по всему дому?
    2) keep smb., smth. somewhere keep the children (the patient, all of us, etc.) at home (here, in, etc.) держать детей и т. д. дома и т. д., не выпускать детей и т. д. из дому и т. д.; the cold weather kept us indoors мы сидели дома /не выходили из дому/ из-за холодной погоды; keep smb., smth. in some manner keep these birds (these animals, these things, etc.) apart (together, etc.) держать этих птиц и т. д. отдельно [друг от друга] и т. д., не держать этих птиц и т. д. в одном месте /вместе/; soldiers kept five abreast солдаты шагали в шеренге по пять [человек] /по пять человек в ряд/
    3) keep smb., smth. for some time keep the boys (one's friends, the newcomers, etc.) long (late, etc.) надолго и т. д. задерживать /не отпускать/ мальчиков и т. д.; I won't keep you long я вас долго не задержу; what kept you so late? из-за чего вы задержались допоздна?; keep these books (this picture, his bicycle, etc.) long долго держать у себя эти книги и т. д.; don't keep my dictionary long побыстрее верните мне словарь, не держите мой словарь долго; can you keep his papers a little longer? вы не могли бы задержать [у себя] его документы еще на некоторое время?; keep smb., smth. somewhere what kept him there? что его там удерживало /задержало/?
    5. V
    1) || keep smb. prisoner держать кого-л. в плену
    2) || keep smb. company составить кому-л. компанию
    6. VI
    semiaux keep smb., smth. in some state keep one's hands clean (warm, etc.) держать руки чистыми и т. д., keep your hands dry смотри, чтобы у тебя были сухие руки; keep the house (the room, etc.) tidy /neat, clean, etc./ содержать дом и т. д. в чистоте; keep the windows open (shut) держать окна открытыми ( закрытыми); keep one's back straight держаться прямо, не горбиться; keep one's eyes open а) держать глаза открытыми; б) не закрывать глаза на происходящее, отдавать себе отчет в том, что происходит; keep one's head cool сохранять спокойствие /хладнокровие/; I want to keep my conscience clean я хочу, чтобы моя совесть была чиста; keep this day free оставлять этот день свободным; keep smb.'s plans secret держать /хранить/ чьи-л. планы в тайне; keep his things intact оставлять его вещи нетронутыми, не дотрагиваться до его вещей; keep meat (fish, etc.) fresh сохранять мясо и т. д. свежим; keep dinner warm не дать обеду остынуть; you must keep yourself warm тебе нельзя охлаждаться, одевайся теплее; keep a razor sharp следить за тем, чтобы бритва не затупилась /всегда была острой/; keep the children quiet не разрешать детям шуметь, утихомирить детей; keep the patient awake не давать больному засыпать; keep the troops alert держать войска в состоянии боевей готовности; keep the prisoner alive сохранять узнику жизнь; keep one's family safe and sound следить за тем, чтобы в семье все были здоровы; keep people happy давать людям счастье; keep the students (the boys, etc.) busy занимать делом студентов и т. д., keep the саг straight веста машину прямо; keep dictionaries (reference books, brushes, etc.) handy держать /иметь/ словарик и т. д. под рукой
    7. VIII
    semiaux keep smb., smth. doing smth. keep them waiting (him standing, one's mother sitting up, the girl working, etc.) заставлять их ждать и т. д., keep the watch going следить за тем, чтобы часы шли; keep the fire burning поддерживать огонь, не дать костру погаснуть; keep the engine running не выключай мотора; keep a light burning не выключать свет; keep the man going придавать человеку бодрости, поддерживать жизнедеятельность человеческого организма id keep the pot boiling зарабатывать на жизнь, следить за тем, чтобы дела шли; keep the ball rolling поддерживать разговор
    8. IX
    keep smb., smth. in some state keep him interested поддерживать его заинтересованность; keep her advised держать ее в курсе дел, сообщать ей о положении дел /о своих планах и т. п./; keep the headquarters well informed /posted/ постоянно держать штаб в курсе дел, давать в штаб подробную информацию; keep smb. covered держать кого-л. на прицеле; keep one's throat protected закутывать /закрывать/ шею
    9. XI
    1) be kept somewhere be kept in a refrigerator (in a storehouse, on file, in the larder, etc.) храниться в холодильнике и т. д., vegetables were kept in the cellar овощи держали /хранили/ в погребе; be kept for smth. these books (these files, etc.) are kept for reference эти книги и т. д. keep для справок
    3) be kept in some place be kept in prison сидеть в тюрьме; be kept in port быть задержанным в порту; he was kept in bed for a whole week его продержали в постели целую неделю; he was kept in with a flu он сидел дома с гриппом; be kept in some manner be kept under arrest /in custody/ находиться /быть/ под арестом; be kept under lock and key содержаться под замком; be kept somewhere by smth. I am kept here by business меня здесь держат дела; we were kept in by rain мы не могли выйти из-за дождя
    4) be kept for some time milk curdles when it is kept too long когда молоко долго стоит, оно скисает
    5) be kept in some manner the rule (the law, this clause of the treaty, etc.) was punctually kept правило и т. д. точно соблюдалось; his promise (his word) was faithfully kept он оказался верным своему обещанию (своему слову); the secret is solemnly kept тайна строго хранится; the rule is to be kept constantly in mind об этом правиле нельзя ни на минуту забывать; these dates (the festivals, etc.) are solemnly (punctually, usually, etc.) kept эти даты и т. д. торжественно и т. д. отмечаются; be kept somewhere this day is kept all over the world (everywhere, etc.) этот день отмечается во всем мире и т. д.
    6) semiaux be kept in some state the road (the garden, etc.) is well (badly) kept дорога и т. д. содержится в хорошем (в плохом) состоянии; his affairs (his books, her accounts, etc.) are kept in good order его дела и т. д. [находятся] в порядке; the methods are kept up-to-date методы все время совершенствуются /модернизируются/; be kept in repair содержаться в хорошем состоянии, не требовать ремонта; the house (the flat, the hotel, etc.) is kept in repair дом и т. д. содержится в хорошем состоянии; my car is kept in repair моя машина всегда в полном порядке
    7) semiaux be kept doing smth. people don't like to be kept waiting никому не нравится ждать; the firm is kept going фирма продолжает существовать /работать/
    10. XIV
    keep doing smth. keep smiling (walking, writing, moving, etc.) продолжать улыбаться и т. д.; keep asking questions (bothering them, giggling, etc.) беспрестанно /все время/ задавать вопросы и т. д.: the thought kept recurring /running/ through my head эта мысль сверлила мне мозг; his words kept ringing in my ears его слова все время звучали у меня в ушах; the baby kept crying all night ребенок плакал всю ночь; my shoe-laces keep coming undone у меня все время /то и дело/ развязываются шнурки; he keeps changing his plans он то и дело меняет свой планы
    11. XV
    keep in some state keep healthy (fit, inactive, etc.) оставаться здоровым и т. д., keep warm не остывать: keep calm /quiet, cool/ сохранять спокойствие, оставаться спокойным: keep silent /still/ а) хранить молчание; б) не шуметь; keep slender сохранять стройность; keep alert [все время] быть настороже, keep alive остаться в живых; keep aloof держаться особняком; keep awake бодрствовать; keep friendly оставаться по-прежнему дружелюбным; keep quiet about it никому об этом не рассказывать; keep cheerful быть неизменно веселым: the weather keeps fine (cool, dry, clear, etc.) [все. еще] стоит хорошая и т. д. погода; the meat (this milk, etc.) will keep good (sweet) till tomorrow мясо и т. д. до завтрашнего дня не испортится /простоит/
    12. XVI
    1) keep to (along, on, behind, etc.) smth., smb. keep to the house (to one's room, to one's office, etc.) не выходить из дому и т. д., keep to the left (to the right, to the middle of the road, to the side of the road, to the hedge, etc.) держаться левой стороны и т. д., идти по левой стороне и т. д.; keep to the north (to the south, etc.) все время идти /держать курс/ на север и т. д.; don't walk on the grass, keep to the path не ходите по траве, идите по дорожке; keep behind me идите за мной следом; keep along the river (along this road for two miles, along the railway line, etc.) идти вдоль /держаться/ реки и т. д., keep at a distance держаться в отдалении /на расстоянии/; keep abreast of /with/ smth. идти в ногу с чем-л.; keep abreast of the lorry (of the motor launch, etc.) не отставать от грузовика и т. д., keep abreast of /with/ the times идти в ногу со временем; keep abreast of /with/ the latest developments in one's subject (of /with/ the progress in technology, of /with/ the current events, with the news, etc.) быть в курсе последних достижений в своей области и т. д., keep abreast of /with/ the fashion не отставать от моды, следить за модой; keep to one's bed не вставать [с постели], быть больным || keep on good (equal, friendly, etc.) terms with smb. сохранять с кем-л. хорошие и т. д. отношения
    2) keep out of / from/ smth. keep out of danger (out of trouble, out of harm, etc.) избегать опасности и т. д.; keep out of quarrel не вмешиваться /не встревать/ в ссору; keep out of mischief не проказничать, вести себя пристойно; keep out of the (smb.'s) way не вертеться (у кого-л.) под ногами, не мешать (кому-л.); keep from drink не пить /воздерживаться от/ алкогольных напитков
    3) keep for (till, etc.) some time keep for months (for a few days, etc.) сохраняться /стоять/ месяцами и т. д.; these apples will keep till spring эти яблоки могут лежать до весны; keep in (on, etc.) smth. milk (fish, meat, etc.) will keep in the freezer (on ice, etc.) молоко и т. д. в морозильнике и т. д. хорошо сохраняется /не портится/; meat doesn't keep in hot weather в жаркую погоду мясо быстро портится || keep in good health оставаться здоровым, не болеть; keep in good repair быть в хорошем состоянии, не требовать ремонта
    4) keep till (for) smth. the matter (the news, your story, etc.) will keep till morning (for another week, etc.) это дело и т. д. может подождать до утра и т. д., с этим делом и т. д. можно повременить до утра и т. д.
    5) keep to smth. keep to the subject (to the point, to one's argument, to the same course of action, to the truth, etc.) не отклоняться /не отходить/ от темы и т. д.; keep to the rules /to the regulations/ соблюдать правила, действовать в соответствии с правилами; keep to the pattern придерживаться данного образца; keep to one's word /to one's promises, to the pledge/ сдержать данное слово; keep to one's determination неуклонно /твердо/ осуществлять свое намерение; keep to a strict diet соблюдать строгую диету, быть на строгой диете; keep to gruel (to plain food, etc.) сидеть на каше и т. д.; keep to one's native language (to the local dialect, etc.) пользоваться родным языком /говорить на родном языке/ и т. д., keep within smth. keep within one's income (within one's means, etc.) жить в соответствии со своим доходом и т. д., keep within the budget не выходить из бюджета; keep within the law держаться в рамках закона; keep within the bounds of truth and dignity не уклоняться от истины и не терять /не ронять/ достоинства; keep in touch with smb., smth. поддерживать связь /контакт/ с кем-л., чем-л.; keep in touch with everything не отставать от века, быть в курсе всего
    6) keep at smth. keep at the subject (at one's French, etc.) упорно заниматься /работать над/ этим предметом и т. д.; keep at one's studies упорно заниматься; in spite of all we said he kept at the job несмотря на наши увещевания, он упорно делал /продолжал/ свое дело; keep at smb. keep at one's brother приставать к /надоедать/ своему брату; keep at him with appeals for money (for payment, for help, etc.) приставать к нему с просьбами дать денег и т. д.
    13. XVII
    keep from doing smth. keep from laughing (from crying, etc.) удерживаться от смеха и т. д.; I could not keep from smiling (from giving expression to my admiration, etc.) я не мог не улыбнуться и т. д.; I tried to keep from looking at her я старался не смотреть на нее
    14. XVIII
    keep to oneself my father (the boy, etc.) kept generally (most of the time, always, etc.) to himself мой отец и т. д. обычно и т. д. держался особняком / мало с кем общался/; keep smth. to oneself keep the news (the matter, one's impressions, one's remarks, etc.) to oneself держать эти новости и т. д. в тайне, никому не рассказывать этих новостей и т. д.; he kept his sorrow /grief/ to himself он ни с кем не делился своим горем; keep smth. about oneself keep some change about oneself иметь при себе мелочь; I never keep important papers about myself я никогда не ношу с собой важные документы; keep smth. for oneself you may keep the picture for yourself эту картину можете оставить себе /взять себе/ насовсем || keep oneself to oneself а) быть необщительным; б) держаться в стороне, не лезть в чужие дела
    15. XXI1
    1) keep smb., smth. in (at, on, under, eft.) smth. keep the child in bed держать ребенка в постели, не разрешать ребенку вставать; keep a rabbit in a box (lions at the zoo, a prisoner in a cell, a thief in prison, books in a bookcase, a stick in one's hand, etc.) держать кролика в ящике и т. д.; keep one's letters under lock and key держать свои письма под замком; keep a man in custody держать человека под арестом; keep smb. in irons держать кого-л. в кандалах, заковать кого-л. [в цепи]; keep the key in the lock (one's hands in one's pockets, etc.) не вынимать ключ из замка и т. д.; keep a revolver in one's pocket носить револьвер в кармане; keep one's money in a safe хранить деньги в сейфе; keep one's head above water держаться на поверхности; keep the river within its bed не дать реке выйти из берегов, удерживать реку в русле; keep the chain on the door держать дверь на цепочке; keep smb., smth. for some time will you keep my dog for a month? нельзя ли оставить у вас на месяц [мою] собаку?
    2) keep smb., smth. at (from, out of) smth., smb. keep the students at work /at their job/ (at their studies, etc.) не разрешать студентам прекращать работу и т. д., you must keep him at his books вы должны следить, чтобы он усердно занимался; keep the boy at school оставлять мальчика в школе; keep children (workers, etc.) from [their] work (from their task, etc.) не давать детям и т. д. работать и т. д., these books keep me from work эти книги отвлекают меня от работы; keep the boy from school не пустить мальчика в школу; keep him from these people не давать ему общаться или водить дружбу с этими людьми; keep the tears from one's eyes удержать слезы; keep them from danger (the girl from all harm, etc.) уберегать их от опасности и т. д.; keep him out of my way! a) убери его с дороги!; б) пусть он не вертится у меня под ногами!; keep children out of school не пускать детей в школу, не давать детям учиться; keep children out of mischief не давать детям проказничать; keep her out of trouble (out of harm's way, etc.) уберечь ее от неприятностей и т. д.; how can we keep the boy out of her clutches? как нам оградить парня от ее влияния?
    3) keep smth., smb. for (till, etc.) some time keep the fruit till evening оставить фрукты на вечер; she will keep the cake until tomorrow она оставит торт до завтрашнего дня /на завтра/; keep him for an hour задержи его на час; keep smth. for smth., smb. keep this meat for dinner (the wine for company, this bit of gossip for her, etc.) приберегать /оставлять/ это мясо на обед и т. д., keep the money for the future откладывать деньги на будущее; I keep the book for reference я держу эту книгу для справок; keep a seat for me займите мне место; I kept this picture for you я оставил эту картину для вас; keep smth. from smb. keep the news from her friends (something from me, etc.) утаивать эту новость от друзей и т. д., не сообщать эту новость друзьям и т. д., she can keep nothing from him она от него ничего не может скрыть
    4) keep, smb. , smth. in (under) smth. keep the man in a state of fear (in awe of him, in suspense, in ignorance, etc.) держать человека в состоянии страха и т. д.; keep a child in good health [постоянно] следить за здоровьем ребенка; keep the village (enemy troops, etc.) under fire держать деревню и т. д. под огнем /под обстрелом/; keep the house (the ship. etc.) in good condition (in a state of repair, etc.) (содержать дом и т. д. в хорошем состоянии и т. д.; keep smth. under observation держать что-л. под наблюдением || keep him at a distance /at an arm's length/ не подпускать его близко, держать его на расстоянии; keep smb., smth. in mind помнить /не забывать/ кого-л., чего-л.; will you keep me in mind? вы будете иметь меня в виду?; keep smb. in the dark about smth. coll. не сообщать кому-л. /держать кого-л. в неведении/ относительно чего-л.; keep one's wife (one's mother, etc.) in the dark about one's plans держать жену и т. д. в неведении относительно своих планов; keep smb.'s mind off smth. отвлекать кого-л. от чего-л.; keep his mind off his troubles не давать ему думать о неприятностях; keep smb. to his promise /to his word/ вынудить / заставить/ кого-л. сдержать свое обещание ( свое слово); keep track of smth. следить за чем-л.; keep track of events быть в курсе событий, следить за событиями; keep smb., smth. in check сдерживать кого-л., что-л.; keep the epidemic of typhus (the process of erosion, the enemy, etc.) in check препятствовать распространению эпидемии тифа и т. д.
    5) keep smth. for some time if you want to keep fish (meat, butter, etc.) for a long time (for a month, etc.) freeze it если вам надо сохранить рыбу и т. д. подольше /чтобы рыба и т. д. долго полежала/ и т. д., заморозьте ее
    6) keep smb. on smth. keep the patient on a diet (on gruel, on milk, etc.) держать больного на диете и т. д., keep smth. at some level keep the temperature at 80° (the speed at 60 miles per hour, etc.) поддерживать /держать/ температуру на уровне восьмидесяти градусов и т. д. || keep расе /step/ with smb., smth. идти в ногу с кем-л., чем-л., не отставать от кого-л., чего-л.; keep расе with the times (with the events, with the rest of team, etc.) идти в ногу со временем и т. д., keep company with smb. дружить с кем-л.; keep company with grown-up girls водиться /дружить/ со взрослыми девочками
    7) keep smb. at /in/ smth. keep employees at the office (the delegates at the conference, me at home, him in the country, etc.) задерживать служащих на работе и т. д., there was nothing to keep me in England меня ничего больше не задерживало /не удерживало/ в Англии
    8) keep smth. against smb. keep a town (a fort, a castle, a road, etc.) against the enemy защищать город и т. д. от противника; keep smth. at smth. keep the goal at football стоять в воротах, защищать ворота [во время футбольного матча]
    9) keep smb. on smth. he cannot keep a wife on his income на свои доходы он не может содержать жену; keep smb. in smth. coll. keep smb. in cigarettes (in chocolates, in nylons, etc.) хватать кому-л. на сигареты и т. д., keep oneself in clothes (in food, in beer, etc.) обеспечивать себя одеждой и т. д., such jobs barely kept him in clothes такие заработки едва покрывали его расходы на одежду; keep smb. in хате state the miser kept his mother and sister in poverty этот скупец держал свою мать и сестру в нищете
    10) keep smth., smb. for smth. keep fruit (butter, fresh eggs, stamps, postcards, etc.) for sale торговать фруктами и т. д., иметь фрукты и т. д. в продаже; keep dogs (hens, birds, etc.) for sale держать собак и т. д. на продажу || keep eggs (butter, etc.) in store /in reserve/ иметь запасы яиц и т. д.; what do you keep in stock? что у вас есть в наличии /в ассортименте, в продаже/?
    16. XXII
    1) keep smb., smth. from doing smth. keep one's brother from going there (the child from talking too much, etc.) удерживать брата от этой поездки и т. д., не давать брату поехать туда и т. д.; keep him from asking questions не давай /не позволяй/ ему задавать вопросы; keep the enemy from getting to know our plans (the child from hurting himself, the girl from learning too much, etc.) не допустить, чтобы противник узнал о наших планах и т. д.; keep the old man from falling (the fruit from rotting, etc.) не дать старику упасть и т. д.; keep the child from eating too much не допускать, чтобы ребенок ел слишком много; what shall I do to keep this light dress from getting dirty? что мне делать, чтобы это светлое платье не пачкалось /не грязнилось/?; we must do something to keep the roof from falling надо что-то сделать, чтобы не обвалилась крыша; the noise kept him from sleeping шум мешал ему спать; urgent business kept us from joining you срочные дела помешали нам присоединиться к вам
    2) || keep smb., smth. in training поддерживать кого-л., что-л. в хорошей форме; you should keep your memory in training вы должны все время тренировать память; what's the best way of keeping the team in training? как лучше всего держать команду в спортивной форме?
    17. XXIV1
    keep smth. as smth.
    1) keep this photo (this little book, etc.) as a remembrance хранить эту фотографию и т. д. как память
    2) keep the date as a day of mourning (as a jubilee, as a holiday, etc.) отмечать эту дату как день траура и т. д.
    18. XXV
    keep where... keep where you are не трогайтесь с места

    English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > keep

  • 13 one

    1. adjective
    1) attrib. ein

    one thing I must say — ein[e]s muss ich sagen

    one or two — (fig.): (a few) ein paar

    one more... — noch ein...

    it's one [o'clock] — es ist eins od. ein Uhr; see also academic.ru/23561/eight">eight 1.; half 1. 1), 3. 2); quarter 1. 1)

    2) attrib. (single, only) einzig

    in any one day/year — an einem Tag/in einem Jahr

    at any one time — zur gleichen Zeit; (always) zu jeder Zeit

    not one [little] bit — überhaupt nicht

    3) (identical, same) ein

    one and the same person/thing — ein und dieselbe Person/Sache

    at one and the same time — gleichzeitig; see also all 2. 1)

    4) pred. (united, unified)

    be one as a family/nation — eine einige Familie/Nation sein; see also with 1)

    5) attrib. (a particular but undefined)

    at one time — einmal; einst (geh.)

    one morning/night — eines Morgens/Nachts

    one day — (on day specified) einmal; (at unspecified future date) eines Tages

    one day soon — bald einmal

    one Sunday — an einem Sonntag

    6) attrib. contrasted with ‘other’/‘another’ ein

    neither one thing nor the other — weder das eine noch das andere; see also hand 1. 24)

    7)

    in one — (coll.): (at first attempt) auf Anhieb

    got it in one! — (coll.) [du hast es] erraten!

    2. noun
    1) eins
    2) (number, symbol) Eins, die; see also eight 2. 1)
    3) (unit)
    3. pronoun
    1)

    one of... — ein... (+ Gen.)

    one of them/us — etc. einer von ihnen/uns usw.

    any one of them — jeder/jede/jedes von ihnen

    every one of them — jeder/jede/jedes [einzelne] von ihnen

    not one of them — keiner/keine/keines von ihnen

    2) replacing n. implied or mentioned ein...

    the jacket is an old one — die Jacke ist [schon] alt

    the older/younger one — der/die/das ältere/jüngere

    this is the one I like — den/die/das mag ich

    you are or were the one who insisted on going to Scotland — du warst der-/diejenige, der/die unbedingt nach Schottland wollte

    this one — dieser/diese/dieses [da]

    that one — der/die/das [da]

    these ones or those ones? — (coll.) die [da] oder die [da]?

    these/those blue etc. ones — diese/die blauen usw.

    which one? — welcher/welche/welches?

    not one — keiner/keine/keines; (emphatic) nicht einer/eine/eines

    all but one — alle außer einem/einer/einem

    I for one — ich für mein[en] Teil

    one by one, one after another or the other — einzeln

    love one another — sich od. (geh.) einander lieben

    be kind to one another — nett zueinander sein

    3) (contrasted with ‘other’/‘another’)

    [the] one... the other — der/die/das eine... der/die/das andere

    4) (person or creature of specified kind)

    the little one — der/die/das Kleine

    our dear or loved ones — unsere Lieben

    young one — (youngster) Kind, das; (young animal) Junge, das

    5)

    [not] one who does or to do or for doing something — [nicht] der Typ, der etwas tut

    6) (representing people in general; also coll.): (I, we) man; as indirect object einem; as direct object einen

    one's — sein

    wash one's hands — sich (Dat.) die Hände waschen

    7) (coll.): (drink)

    I'll have just a little one — ich trinke nur einen Kleinen (ugs.)

    have one on me — ich geb dir einen aus

    8) (coll.): (blow)

    give somebody one on the head/nose — jemandem eins über den Kopf/auf die Nase geben (ugs.)

    * * *
    1. noun
    1) (the number or figure 1: One and one is two (1 + 1 = 2).) die Eins
    2) (the age of 1: Babies start to talk at one.) die Eins
    2. pronoun
    1) (a single person or thing: She's the one I like the best; I'll buy the red one.) der/die/das(jenige)
    2) (anyone; any person: One can see the city from here.) man
    3. adjective
    1) (1 in number: one person; He took one book.) ein/e/es
    2) (aged 1: The baby will be one tomorrow.) eins
    3) (of the same opinion etc: We are one in our love of freedom.) einer Meinung
    •
    - one-
    - oneself
    - one-night stand
    - one-off
    - one-parent family
    - one-sided
    - one-way
    - one-year-old     4. adjective
    ((of a person, animal or thing) that is one year old.) einjährige
    - all one
    - be one up on a person
    - be one up on
    - not be oneself
    - one and all
    - one another
    - one by one
    - one or two
    * * *
    [wʌn]
    I. adj inv
    1. attr (not two) ein(e)
    we have two daughters and \one son wir haben zwei Töchter und einen Sohn
    \one hundred/thousand einhundert/-tausend
    \one million eine Million
    \one third/fifth ein Drittel/Fünftel nt
    2. attr (one of a number) ein(e)
    the glass tube is closed at \one end das Glasröhrchen ist an einem Ende verschlossen
    he can't tell \one wine from another er schmeckt bei Weinen keinen Unterschied
    3. attr (single, only) einzige(r, s)
    her \one concern is to save her daughter ihre einzige Sorge ist, wie sie ihre Tochter retten kann
    do you think the five of us will manage to squeeze into the \one car? glaubst du, wir fünf können uns in dieses eine Auto quetschen?
    we should paint the bedroom all \one colour wir sollten das Schlafzimmer nur in einer Farbe streichen
    he's the \one person you can rely on in an emergency er ist die einzige Person, auf die man sich im Notfall verlassen kann
    not \one man kein Mensch
    to have just \one thought nur einen [einzigen] Gedanken haben
    the \one and only... der/die/das einzige...
    ladies and gentlemen, the \one and only Muhammad Ali! meine Damen und Herren, der einzigartige Muhammad Ali!
    4. attr (some future) irgendein(e)
    I'd like to go skiing \one Christmas ich würde gern irgendwann an Weihnachten Skifahren gehen
    \one afternoon next week an irgendeinem Nachmittag nächste Woche, irgendwann nächste Woche nachmittags
    \one day irgendwann
    \one evening/night irgendwann abends/nachts
    5. attr (some in the past) ein(e)
    \one moment he says he loves me, the next moment he's asking for a divorce einmal sagt er, er liebt mich, und im nächsten Moment will er die Scheidung
    \one afternoon in late October an einem Nachmittag Ende Oktober
    \one day/evening/night eines Tages/Abends/Nachts
    \one night we stayed up talking till dawn an einem Abend plauderten wir einmal bis zum Morgengrauen
    6. attr ( form: a certain) ein gewisser/eine gewisse
    her solicitor is \one John Wintersgill ihr Anwalt ist ein gewisser John Wintersgill
    7. attr esp AM ( emph fam: noteworthy)
    his mother is \one generous woman seine Mutter ist eine wirklich großzügige Frau
    that's \one big ice cream you've got there du hast aber ein großes Eis!
    it was \one hell of a shock to find out I'd lost my job ( fam) es war ein Riesenschock für mich, als ich erfuhr, dass ich meinen Job verloren hatte fam
    he was \one hell of a snappy dresser ( fam) er war immer todschick gekleidet fam
    8. (identical) ein(e)
    all types of training meet \one common standard alle Trainingsarten unterliegen den gleichen Maßstäben
    to be of \one mind einer Meinung sein
    \one and the same ein und der-/die-/dasselbe
    that's \one and the same thing! das ist doch ein und dasselbe!
    9. (age) ein Jahr
    \one is a difficult age mit einem Jahr sind Kinder in einem schwierigen Alter
    to be \one [year old] ein Jahr alt sein
    little Jimmy's \one today der kleine Jimmy wird heute ein Jahr alt
    she'll be \one [year old] tomorrow sie wird morgen ein Jahr alt
    10. (time)
    \one [o'clock] eins, ein Uhr
    it's half past \one es ist halb zwei
    at \one um eins
    11.
    ▶ a hundred [or million] [or thousand] and \one hunderttausend
    I've got a hundred and \one things to do this morning ich muss heute Vormittag hunderttausend Dinge erledigen
    ▶ what with \one thing and another ( fam) weil alles [o viel] zusammenkommt
    what with \one thing and another she hadn't had much sleep recently da alles [o viel] zusammenkam, hat sie in letzter Zeit nicht viel Schlaf bekommen
    ▶ \one way or another [or the other] (for or against) für oder gegen; (somehow) irgendwie
    there is no evidence \one way or the other about the effectiveness of the drug es gibt keinerlei Beweise für die Wirksamkeit oder Unwirksamkeit des Medikaments
    the bills have to be paid \one way or another die Rechnungen müssen irgendwie bezahlt werden
    II. n
    1. (unit) Eins f
    \one hundred and \one einhundert[und]eins
    three \ones are three drei mal eins gibt [o ist] [o macht] drei
    2. (figure) Eins f
    the front door bore a big brass \one auf der Eingangstür prangte eine große kupferne Eins
    3. (size of garment, merchandise) Größe eins
    little Jackie's wearing \ones now die kleine Jackie trägt jetzt Größe eins
    4. no pl (unity)
    ▪ to be \one eins sein
    to be made \one getraut werden
    III. pron
    1. (single item) eine(r, s)
    four parcels came this morning, but only \one was for Mark heute Morgen kamen vier Pakete, aber nur eines war für Mark
    which cake would you like? — the \one at the front welchen Kuchen möchten Sie? — den vorderen
    I'd rather eat French croissants than English \ones ich esse lieber französische Croissants als englische
    I have two apples, do you want \one? ich habe zwei Äpfel, möchtest du einen?
    not a single \one kein Einziger/keine Einzige/kein Einziges
    \one at a time immer nur eine(r, s)
    don't gobble them up all at once — eat them \one at a time schling nicht alle auf einmal hinunter — iss sie langsam
    [all] in \one [alles] in einem
    with this model you get a radio, CD player and cassette deck [all] in \one dieses Modell enthält Radio, CD-Player und Kassettendeck in einem
    \one after another [or the other] eine(r, s) nach dem/der anderen
    \one after another the buses drew up die Busse kamen einer nach dem anderen
    \one [thing] after another [or the other] eines nach dem anderen
    \one or another [or the other] irgendeine(r, s)
    not all instances fall neatly into \one or another of these categories nicht alle Vorkommnisse fallen genau unter eine dieser Kategorien
    this/that \one diese(r, s)/jene(r, s)
    these/those \ones diese/jene
    which \one do you want? — that \one, please! welchen möchten Sie? — den dort, bitte!
    ▪ \one of sth:
    Luxembourg is \one of the world's smallest countries Luxemburg ist eines der kleinsten Länder der Welt
    electronics is \one of his [many] hobbies die Elektronik ist eines seiner [vielen] Hobbys
    our organization is just \one of many charities unsere Organisation ist nur eine von vielen wohltätigen Vereinigungen
    2. (single person) eine(r)
    two could live as cheaply as \one zwei könnten so günstig wie einer wohnen
    she thought of her loved \ones sie dachte an ihre Lieben
    to [not] be \one to do [or who does] sth (nature) [nicht] der Typ sein, der etw tut, [nicht] zu denen gehören, die etw tun; (liking) etw [nicht] gerne tun
    she's always been \one to take [or who takes] initiative es war schon immer ihre Art, die Initiative zu ergreifen
    I've never really been \one to sit around doing nothing untätig herumzusitzen war noch nie meine Art
    he's always been \one that enjoys good food ihm hat gutes Essen schon immer geschmeckt
    he's not \one to eat exotic food er isst nicht gerne exotische Speisen
    she's [not] \one to go [or who goes] to parties sie geht [nicht] gerne auf Partys
    to not [or never] be \one to say no to sth nie zu etw dat Nein sagen können
    to be [a] \one for sth ( fam) etw gerne mögen, sich dat viel aus etw dat machen
    Jack's always been \one for the ladies Jack hatte schon immer viel für Frauen übrig
    to not be [a] \one ( fam) for sth [or to not be much of a \one] ( fam) etw nicht besonders mögen, sich dat nicht viel aus etw dat machen
    I've never really been [much of a] \one for football ich habe mir eigentlich nie viel aus Fußball gemacht
    to [not] be [a] \one for doing sth ( fam) etw [nicht] gerne machen
    he's a great \one for telling other people what to do er sagt anderen gerne, was sie zu tun haben
    \one and all ( liter) alle
    the news of his resignation came as a surprise to \one and all die Nachricht von seinem Rücktritt kam für alle überraschend
    well done \one and all! gut gemacht, ihr alle!
    like \one + pp wie ein(e)...
    Viv was running around like \one possessed before the presentation Viv lief vor der Präsentation wie eine Besessene herum
    \one after another eine/einer nach der/dem anderen
    \one by \one nacheinander
    ▪ \one of:
    she's \one of my favourite writers sie ist eine meiner Lieblingsautoren
    to be \one of many/a few eine(r) von vielen/wenigen sein
    ▪ the \one der-/die[jenige]
    Chris is the \one with curly brown hair Chris ist der mit den lockigen braunen Haaren
    3. (expressing alternatives, comparisons)
    they look very similar and it's difficult to distinguish \one from the other sie sehen sich sehr ähnlich, und es ist oft schwer sie auseinanderzuhalten
    \one or the other der/die/das eine oder der/die/das andere
    choose \one of the pictures. you may have \one or the other, but not both such dir eins der Bilder aus. du kannst nur eines davon haben, nicht beide
    \one without the other der/die/das eine ohne der/die/das andere
    \one has an obligation to \one's friends man hat Verpflichtungen seinen Freunden gegenüber
    \one must admire him er ist zu bewundern
    5. ( form: I) ich; (we) wir
    \one gets the impression that... ich habe den Eindruck, dass...
    \one has to do \one's best wir müssen unser Bestes geben
    I for \one ich für meinen Teil
    I for \one think we should proceed was mich betrifft, so denke ich, dass wir weitermachen sollten
    6. (question) Frage f
    what's the capital of Zaire? — oh, that's a difficult \one wie heißt die Hauptstadt von Zaire? — das ist eine schwierige Frage
    7. ( fam: alcoholic drink) Getränk nt
    this \one's on me! diese Runde geht auf mich!
    she likes a cool \one after a hard day nach einem harten Tag braucht sie einen kühlen Drink
    8. ( fam: joke, story) Witz m
    that was a good \one! der war gut!
    did I tell you the \one about the blind beggar? habe ich dir den [Witz] von dem blinden Bettler schon erzählt?
    9. BRIT, AUS ( dated fam: sb who is lacking respect, is rude, or amusing)
    you are a \one! du bist mir vielleicht einer! fam
    she's a \one! das ist mir vielleicht eine! fam
    10.
    ▶ to be all \one to sb Chinesisch für jdn sein fam
    Greek and Hebrew are all \one to me Griechisch und Hebräisch sind Chinesisch für mich fam
    ▶ to be as \one on sth ( form) bei etw dat einer Meinung sein
    we have discussed the matter fully and are as \one on our decision wir haben die Angelegenheit gründlich erörtert, und unsere Entscheidung ist einstimmig
    ▶ to be at \one with sb ( form) mit jdm einer Meinung sein
    ▶ to be at \one with sth ( form) mit etw dat eins sein
    they were completely at \one with their environment sie lebten in völliger Harmonie mit ihrer Umwelt
    ▶ to be \one of the family zur Familie gehören fig
    ▶ to get sth in \one ( fam: guess) etw sofort erraten; (understand) etw gleich kapieren fam
    so are you saying she's leaving him? — yep, got it in \one du sagst also, dass sie ihn verlässt? — ja, du hast es erfasst
    ▶ to get [or be] \one up on sb jdn übertrumpfen
    ▶ in \one (draught) in einem Zug, [auf] ex fam
    ▶ to be \one of a kind zur Spitze gehören
    in the world of ballet she was certainly \one of a kind as a dancer in der Welt des Ballet zählte sie zweifellos zu den besten Tänzerinnen
    ▶ to land [or sock] sb \one [on the jaw] ( fam) jdm eine reinhauen fam
    ▶ \one or two ( fam) ein paar
    I hear you've collected over 1,000 autographs! — well, I do have \one or two ich habe gehört, du hast über 1.000 Autogramme gesammelt! — na ja, ich habe schon ein paar
    ▶ in \ones and twos (in small numbers) immer nur ein paar; (alone or in a pair) allein oder paarweise [o zu zweit]
    we expected a flood of applications for the job, but we're only receiving them in \ones and twos wir haben eine Flut von Bewerbungen für die Stelle erwartet, aber es gehen [täglich] nur wenige ein
    to arrive/stand around in \ones and [or or] twos einzeln oder paarweise [o zu zweit] eintreffen/herumstehen
    * * *
    [wʌn]
    1. adj
    1) (= number) ein/eine/ein; (counting) eins

    there was one person too many — da war einer zu viel

    one girl was pretty, the other was ugly —

    she was in one room, he was in the other — sie war im einen Zimmer, er im anderen

    the baby is one ( year old) — das Kind ist ein Jahr (alt)

    it is one ( o'clock) — es ist eins, es ist ein Uhr

    one hundred pounds — hundert Pfund; (on cheque etc) einhundert Pfund

    that's one way of doing it — so kann mans (natürlich) auch machen

    2)

    (indefinite) one morning/day etc he realized... — eines Morgens/Tages etc bemerkte er...

    3)

    (= a certain) one Mr Smith — ein gewisser Herr Smith

    4)

    (= sole, only) he is the one man to tell you — er ist der Einzige, der es Ihnen sagen kann

    5)

    (= same) they all came in the one car — sie kamen alle in dem einen Auto

    6)

    (= united) God is one — Gott ist unteilbar

    they were one in wanting that — sie waren sich darin einig, dass sie das wollten

    2. pron
    1) eine(r, s)

    the one who... — der(jenige), der.../die(jenige), die.../das(jenige), das...

    he/that was the one — er/das wars

    do you have one? — haben Sie einen/eine/ein(e)s?

    the red/big etc one — der/die/das Rote/Große etc

    my one (inf) — meiner/meine/mein(e)s

    his one (inf) — seiner/seine/sein(e)s

    not (a single) one of them, never one of them — nicht eine(r, s) von ihnen, kein Einziger/keine Einzige/kein Einziges

    any one — irgendeine(r, s)

    every one — jede(r, s)

    this one — diese(r, s)

    that one — der/die/das, jene(r, s) (geh)

    which one? — welche(r, s)?

    that's a good one (inf) — der (Witz) ist gut; ( iro, excuse etc ) (das ist ein) guter Witz

    I'm not one to go out often — ich bin nicht der Typ, der oft ausgeht

    I'm not usually one to go out on a week night, but today... — ich gehe sonst eigentlich nicht an Wochentagen aus, aber heute...

    she was never one to cry — Weinen war noch nie ihre Art; (but she did) sonst weinte sie nie

    he's a great one for discipline/turning up late — der ist ganz groß, wenns um Disziplin/ums Zuspätkommen geht

    ooh, you are a one! (inf) — oh, Sie sind mir vielleicht eine(r)! (inf)

    she is a teacher, and he/her sister wants to be one too — sie ist Lehrerin, und er möchte auch gern Lehrer werden/ihre Schwester möchte auch gern eine werden

    I, for one, think otherwise — ich, zum Beispiel, denke anders

    one after the other — eine(r, s) nach dem/der/dem anderen

    take one or the other —

    one or other of them will do it — der/die eine oder andere wird es tun

    one who knows the country —

    in the manner of one who... — in der Art von jemandem, der...

    like one demented/possessed — wie verrückt/besessen

    2) (impers) (nom) man; (acc) einen; (dat) einem

    one must learn to keep quiet — man muss lernen, still zu sein

    to hurt one's foot — sich (dat) den Fuß verletzen

    to wash one's face/hair — sich (dat) das Gesicht/die Haare waschen

    3. n
    (= written figure) Eins f

    to be at one (with sb) — sich (dat) (mit jdm) einig sein

    * * *
    one [wʌn]
    A adj
    1. ein, eine, ein:
    one apple ein Apfel;
    one man in ten einer von zehn;
    one or two ein oder zwei, ein paar;
    he spoke to him as one man to another er redete mit ihm von Mann zu Mann; → hundred A 1, thousand A 1
    2. (emphatisch) ein, eine, ein, ein einziger, eine einzige, ein einziges:
    all were of one mind sie waren alle einer Meinung;
    he is one with me on this er ist mit mir darüber einer Meinung;
    be made one ehelich verbunden werden;
    for one thing zunächst einmal;
    no one man could do it allein könnte das niemand schaffen;
    his one thought sein einziger Gedanke;
    the one way to do it die einzige Möglichkeit(, es zu tun);
    my one and only hope meine einzige Hoffnung;
    the one and only Mr X der unvergleichliche oder einzigartige Mr. X; → man A 5
    3. all one nur präd alles eins, ein und dasselbe:
    it is all one to me es ist mir (ganz) egal;
    it’s one fine job es ist eine einmalig schöne Arbeit
    4. ein gewisser, eine gewisse, ein gewisses, ein, eine, ein:
    one day eines Tages (in Zukunft od Vergangenheit);
    one of these days irgendwann (ein)mal;
    one John Smith ein gewisser John Smith
    B s
    1. Eins f, eins:
    one is half of two eins ist die Hälfte von zwei;
    a Roman one eine römische Eins;
    one and a half ein(und)einhalb, anderthalb;
    I bet ten to one (that …) ich wette zehn zu eins(, dass …);
    at one o’clock um ein Uhr;
    one-ten ein Uhr zehn, zehn nach eins;
    in the year one anno dazumal;
    be one up on sb jemandem (um eine Nasenlänge) voraus sein; → number one
    2. (der, die) Einzelne, (das) einzelne (Stück):
    the all and the one die Gesamtheit und der Einzelne;
    one by one, one after another, one after the other einer nach dem andern;
    one with another eins zum anderen gerechnet;
    by ones and twos einzeln und zu zweien oder zweit;
    I for one ich zum Beispiel
    3. Einheit f:
    be at one with sb mit jemandem einer Meinung oder einig sein;
    be at one with nature eins mit der Natur sein;
    be at one with life rundherum zufrieden sein;
    a) alle gemeinsam,
    b) alles in einem
    4. Ein(s)er m, besonders Eindollarnote f
    C pron
    1. ein(er), eine, ein(es), jemand:
    as one wie ein Mann, geschlossen;
    on this question they were as one in dieser Frage waren sich alle einig;
    as one enchanted wie verzaubert;
    one of the poets einer der Dichter;
    one who einer, der;
    the one who der(jenige), der oder welcher;
    one so cautious jemand, der so vorsichtig ist; ein so vorsichtiger Mann;
    help one another einander oder sich gegenseitig helfen;
    have you heard the one about …? kennen Sie den (Witz) schon von …?;
    one for all and all for one einer für alle und alle für einen
    2. (Stützwort, meist unübersetzt):
    a sly one ein ganz Schlauer;
    that one der, die, das da ( oder dort);
    a red pencil and a blue one ein roter Bleistift und ein blauer;
    the portraits are fine ones die Porträts sind gut;
    the picture is a realistic one das Bild ist realistisch; → anyone, each A, many A 1, someone
    3. man:
    4. one’s sein, seine, sein:
    break one’s leg sich das Bein brechen;
    lose one’s way sich verirren
    5. umg
    a) ein anständiges Ding (hervorragende Sache, besonders tüchtiger Schlag)
    b) Kanone f fig, Könner(in):
    one in the eye fig ein Denkzettel;
    that’s a good one! nicht schlecht!;
    you are a one! du bist mir vielleicht einer!; → land C 6
    * * *
    1. adjective
    1) attrib. ein

    one thing I must say — ein[e]s muss ich sagen

    one or two — (fig.): (a few) ein paar

    one more... — noch ein...

    it's one [o'clock] — es ist eins od. ein Uhr; see also eight 1.; half 1. 1), 3. 2); quarter 1. 1)

    2) attrib. (single, only) einzig

    in any one day/year — an einem Tag/in einem Jahr

    at any one time — zur gleichen Zeit; (always) zu jeder Zeit

    not one [little] bit — überhaupt nicht

    3) (identical, same) ein

    one and the same person/thing — ein und dieselbe Person/Sache

    at one and the same time — gleichzeitig; see also all 2. 1)

    4) pred. (united, unified)

    be one as a family/nation — eine einige Familie/Nation sein; see also with 1)

    5) attrib. (a particular but undefined)

    at one time — einmal; einst (geh.)

    one morning/night — eines Morgens/Nachts

    6) attrib. contrasted with ‘other’/‘another’ ein

    neither one thing nor the other — weder das eine noch das andere; see also hand 1. 24)

    7)

    in one — (coll.): (at first attempt) auf Anhieb

    got it in one! — (coll.) [du hast es] erraten!

    2. noun
    1) eins
    2) (number, symbol) Eins, die; see also eight 2. 1)
    3. pronoun
    1)

    one of... — ein... (+ Gen.)

    one of them/us — etc. einer von ihnen/uns usw.

    any one of them — jeder/jede/jedes von ihnen

    every one of them — jeder/jede/jedes [einzelne] von ihnen

    not one of them — keiner/keine/keines von ihnen

    2) replacing n. implied or mentioned ein...

    the jacket is an old one — die Jacke ist [schon] alt

    the older/younger one — der/die/das ältere/jüngere

    this is the one I like — den/die/das mag ich

    you are or were the one who insisted on going to Scotland — du warst der-/diejenige, der/die unbedingt nach Schottland wollte

    this one — dieser/diese/dieses [da]

    that one — der/die/das [da]

    these ones or those ones? — (coll.) die [da] oder die [da]?

    these/those blue etc. ones — diese/die blauen usw.

    which one? — welcher/welche/welches?

    not one — keiner/keine/keines; (emphatic) nicht einer/eine/eines

    all but one — alle außer einem/einer/einem

    I for one — ich für mein[en] Teil

    one by one, one after another or the other — einzeln

    love one another — sich od. (geh.) einander lieben

    3) (contrasted with ‘other’/‘another’)

    [the] one... the other — der/die/das eine... der/die/das andere

    4) (person or creature of specified kind)

    the little one — der/die/das Kleine

    our dear or loved ones — unsere Lieben

    young one — (youngster) Kind, das; (young animal) Junge, das

    5)

    [not] one who does or to do or for doing something — [nicht] der Typ, der etwas tut

    6) (representing people in general; also coll.): (I, we) man; as indirect object einem; as direct object einen

    one's — sein

    wash one's hands — sich (Dat.) die Hände waschen

    7) (coll.): (drink)
    8) (coll.): (blow)

    give somebody one on the head/nose — jemandem eins über den Kopf/auf die Nase geben (ugs.)

    * * *
    (number) n.
    n. adj.
    ein adj.
    eins adj. pron.
    man pron.

    English-german dictionary > one

  • 14 be

    'bi: ɡi:
    ( abbreviation) (Bachelor of Engineering; first degree in Engineering.) licenciatura en Ingeniería
    be vb
    1. ser
    what time is it? It's 3 o'clock ¿qué hora es? Son las tres
    who is it? It's me ¿quién es? Soy yo
    2. estar
    how are you? I'm fine ¿cómo estás? estoy bien
    where is Pauline? ¿dónde está Pauline?
    how far is it? ¿a qué distancia está?
    what day is it today? ¿qué día es hoy? / ¿a qué día estamos?
    3. tener
    how old are you? I'm 16 ¿cuántos años tienes? tengo 16 años
    4. costar / valer / ser
    how much is it? ¿cuánto cuesta? / ¿cuánto vale? / ¿cuánto es?
    the tickets are £15 each las entradas valen 15 libras cada una
    5. hacer
    6. haber
    how many children are there? ¿cuántos niños hay?
    what are you doing? ¿qué estás haciendo? / ¿qué haces?
    look, it's snowing mira, está nevando

    be sustantivo femenino: name of the letter b, often called be largaor grande to distinguish it from v 'be' also found in these entries: Spanish: A - abasto - abate - abismo - abotargarse - abreviar - abrirse - absoluta - absoluto - abultar - abundar - aburrir - aburrirse - acabose - acariciar - acaso - acertar - achantarse - acometer - acostada - acostado - acostumbrar - acostumbrada - acostumbrado - acreditar - activa - activo - adelantar - adelantarse - adentro - adivinarse - admirarse - adolecer - aferrarse - afianzarse - aficionada - aficionado - afligirse - agonizar - agotarse - agradecer - agua - ahogarse - ahora - aire - ajo - ala - alarmarse - alcanzar - alegrarse English: aback - abate - about - absent - accordance - account for - accountable - accustom - acquaint - action - addicted - address - adequate - adjust - admit - affiliated - afford - afraid - agenda - agree - agreement - ahead - air - airsick - alert - alive - alone - along - aloof - alphabetically - always - am - ambition - amenable - amusing - anathema - annoyance - anomaly - anxious - apologetic - appal - appall - are - arm - around - arrears - as - ashamed - aspire - assert
    be
    tr[biː]
    intransitive verb (pres 1ª pers am, 2ª pers sing y todas del pl are, 3ª pers sing is; pt 1ª y 3ª pers sing was, 2ª pers sing y todas del pl; pp been)
    5 (origin) ser
    9 (use) ser
    10 (location) estar
    ■ how are you? ¿cómo estás?
    12 (age) tener
    13 (price) costar, valer
    ■ a single ticket is £9.50 un billete de ida cuesta £9.50
    14 tener
    ■ he's hot/cold tiene calor/frío
    ■ we're hungry/thirsty tenemos hambre/sed
    1 (passive) ser
    ■ she was arrested at the border fue detenida en la frontera, la detuvieron en la frontera
    ■ he's hated by everybody es odiado por todos, todos lo odian
    ■ he was discharged fue dado de alta, lo dieron de alta
    ■ the house has been sold la casa ha sido vendida, la casa se ha vendido, han vendido la casa
    ■ thirty children were injured treinta niños fueron heridos, treinta niños resultaron heridos
    auxiliar be + to + inf
    1 (obligation) deber, tener que
    phrase there is / there are
    1 hay
    ■ is there much traffic ¿hay mucho tráfico?
    1 había
    ■ were there many people? ¿había mucha gente?
    1 habrá
    1 habría
    ■ if Mike came, there would be ten of us si viniera Mike, seríamos diez
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    to be about to «+ inf» estar para + inf, estar a punto de + inf
    to be or not to be ser o no ser
    be ['bi:] v, was ['wəz, 'wɑz] ; were ['wər] ; been ['bɪn] ; being ; am ['æm] ; is ['ɪz] ; are ['ɑr] vi
    José is a doctor: José es doctor
    I'm Ana's sister: soy la hermana de Ana
    the tree is tall: el árbol es alto
    you're silly!: ¡eres tonto!
    she's from Managua: es de Managua
    it's mine: es mío
    my mother is at home: mi madre está en casa
    the cups are on the table: las tazas están en la mesa
    5) (expressing existence) : ser, existir
    to be or not to be: ser, o no ser
    I think, therefore I am: pienso, luego existo
    how are you?: ¿cómo estás?
    I'm cold: tengo frío
    she's 10 years old: tiene 10 años
    they're both sick: están enfermos los dos
    be v impers
    it's eight o'clock: son las ocho
    it's Friday: hoy es viernes
    2) (indicating a condition) : hacer, estar
    it's sunny: hace sol
    it's very dark outside: está bien oscuro afuera
    be v aux
    what are you doing? -I'm working: ¿qué haces? -estoy trabajando
    it was finished yesterday: fue acabado ayer, se acabó ayer
    it was cooked in the oven: se cocinó en el horno
    can she be trusted?: ¿se puede confiar en ella?
    you are to stay here: debes quedarte aquí
    he was to come yesterday: se esperaba que viniese ayer
    be
    v.
    (§ p.,p.p.: was, were, been) = estar v.
    (§pres: estoy, estás...) pret: estuv-•)
    • ser v.
    (§pres: soy, eres, es, somos, sois, son) subj: se-
    imp: er-
    fu-•)
    biːˌ weak form bi
    1.
    1) (pres am, are, is; past was, were; past p been) intransitive verb [See notes at ser and estar]
    2)
    a) (followed by an adjective)

    she's French/intelligent — es francesa/inteligente

    he's worried/furious — está preocupado/furioso

    he's blind — es or (Esp tb) está ciego

    have you never had gazpacho? it's delicious! — ¿nunca has comido gazpacho? es delicioso!

    the gazpacho is delicious, did you make it yourself? — el gazpacho está delicioso ¿lo hiciste tú?

    she was very rude to me — estuvo or fue muy grosera conmigo

    Tony is married/divorced/single — Tony está or (esp AmL) es casado/divorciado/soltero

    to be married to somebody — estar* casado con alguien

    3)
    a) (followed by a noun) ser*

    who was Prime Minister at the time? — ¿quién era Primer Ministro en ese momento?

    it's me/Daniel — soy yo/es Daniel

    if I were you, I'd stay — yo que tú or yo en tu lugar me quedaría

    b) ( play the role of) hacer* de
    4)

    how are you? — ¿cómo estás?

    I'm much better — estoy or me encuentro mucho mejor

    she's pregnant/tired — está embarazada/cansada

    I'm cold/hot/hungry/thirsty/sleepy — tengo frío/calor/hambre/sed/sueño

    b) ( talking about age) tener*

    how old are you? — ¿cuántos años tienes?

    he's a lot older/younger — es mucho mayor/menor

    c) (giving cost, measurement, weight)

    how much is that? - that'll be $15, please — ¿cuánto es? - (son) 15 dólares, por favor

    they are $15 each — cuestan or valen 15 dólares cada una

    how tall/heavy is he? — ¿cuánto mide/pesa?

    5)
    a) (exist, live)

    I think, therefore I am — pienso, luego existo

    to let something/somebody be — dejar tranquilo or en paz algo/a alguien

    don't be too long — no tardes mucho, no (te) demores mucho (esp AmL)

    I'm drying my hair, I won't be long — me estoy secando el pelo, enseguida estoy

    how long will dinner be? — ¿cuánto falta para la cena?

    c) ( take place) ser*
    6) (be situated, present) estar*

    where is the library? — ¿dónde está or queda la biblioteca?

    where are you? — ¿dónde estás?

    what's in that box? — ¿qué hay en esa caja?

    who's in the movie? — ¿quién actúa or trabaja en la película?

    how long are you in Chicago (for)? — (colloq) ¿cuánto (tiempo) te vas a quedar en Chicago ?

    have you been to the exhibition yet? — ¿ya has estado en or has ido a la exposición?


    2.
    v impers
    1)
    a) (talking about physical conditions, circumstances)

    it's sunny/cold/hot — hace sol/frío/calor

    it's so noisy/quiet in here! — qué ruido/silencio hay aquí!

    I have enough problems as it is, without you... — yo ya tengo suficientes problemas sin que tú encima...

    hi, Joe, it's been a long time — qué tal, Joe, tanto tiempo (sin verte)

    it's 500 miles from here to Detroit — Detroit queda or está a 500 millas de aquí

    2)
    a) (introducing person, object) ser*

    it was me who told them — fui yo quien se lo dije or dijo, fui yo el que se lo dije or dijo

    b) (in conditional use) ser*

    if it hadn't been o had it not been for Juan, we would have been killed — si no hubiera sido por Juan or de no ser por Juan, nos habríamos matado


    3.
    v aux

    what was I saying? — ¿qué estaba diciendo?

    she was leaving when... — se iba cuando...

    how long have you been waiting? — ¿cuánto (tiempo) hace que esperas?, ¿cuánto (tiempo) llevas esperando?

    he is o will be arriving tomorrow — llega mañana

    when are you seeing her? — ¿cuándo la vas a ver or la verás?

    2) (in the passive voice) ser* [The passive voice, however, is less common in Spanish than it is in English]

    it was built in 1903 — fue construido en 1903, se construyó en 1903, lo construyeron en 1903

    she was told that... — le dijeron or se le dijo que...

    it is known that... — se sabe que...

    3) to be to + inf

    if a solution is to be found... — si se quiere encontrar or si se ha de encontrar una solución...

    what are we to do? — ¿qué podemos hacer?

    c) ( expressing obligation) deber* + inf, tener* que + inf, haber* de + inf

    tell her she's to stay here — dile que debe quedarse or tiene que quedarse aquí, dile que se quede aquí

    am I to understand that... ? — ¿debo entender que... ?

    what would happen if she were o was to die? — ¿qué pasaría si ella muriera?

    5)

    she's right, isn't she? — tiene razón, ¿no? or ¿verdad? or ¿no es cierto?

    so that's what you think, is it? — de manera que eso es lo que piensas

    are you disappointed? - yes, I am/no, I'm not — ¿estás desilusionado? - sí (, lo estoy)/no (, no lo estoy)

    she was told the news, and so was he/but I wasn't — a ella le dieron la noticia, y también a él/pero a mí no

    I'm surprised, are/aren't you? — estoy sorprendido, ¿y tú?/¿tú no?

    [biː] (present am, is or are pt was or were pp been)
    1. INTRANSITIVE VERB
    1) (linking nouns, noun phrases, pronouns) ser

    it's me! — ¡soy yo!

    who wants to be Hamlet? — ¿quién quiere hacer de or ser Hamlet?

    if I were you... — yo en tu lugar..., yo que tú... *

    it's round/enormous — es redondo/enorme

    Use [estar] with past participles used as adjectives describing the results of an action or process:

    she's bored/ill — está aburrida/enferma

    how are you? — ¿cómo estás?, ¿qué tal estás?

    how are you now? — ¿qué tal te encuentras ahora?

    I'm very well, thanks — estoy muy bien, gracias

    In certain expressions where English uses [be] + adjective to describe feelings ([be cold]/[hot]/[hungry]/[thirsty]), Spanish uses [tener] with a noun:

    I'm cold/hot — tengo frío/calor

    I'm hungry/thirsty — tengo hambre/sed

    be good! — ¡pórtate bien!

    afraid, sleepy, right

    "how old is she?" - "she's nine" — -¿cuántos años tiene? -tiene nueve años

    6) (=take place) ser
    7) (=be situated) estar

    it's on the table — está sobre or en la mesa

    where is the Town Hall? — ¿dónde está or queda el ayuntamiento?

    it's 5 km to the village — el pueblo está or queda a 5 kilómetros

    we've been here for ages — hace mucho tiempo que estamos aquí, llevamos aquí mucho tiempo, estamos aquí desde hace mucho tiempo

    • here you are(, take it) — aquí tienes(, tómalo)

    • there's the church — ahí está la iglesia

    it's hot/cold — hace calor/frío

    b) (referring to time, date etc) ser

    wake up, it's morning — despierta, es de día

    what's the date (today)? — ¿qué fecha es hoy?

    it's 3 May or the 3rd of May — es 3 de mayo

    But note the following alternatives with [estar]:

    it's 3 May or the 3rd of May — estamos a 3 de mayo

    is it certain that...? — ¿es verdad or cierto que...?

    is it fair that she should be punished while...? — ¿es justo que se la castigue mientras que...?

    it is possible that he'll come — es posible que venga, puede (ser) que venga

    it is unbelievable that... — es increíble que...

    it's not clear whether... — no está claro si...

    d) (emphatic) ser

    why is it that she's so successful? — ¿cómo es que tiene tanto éxito?, ¿por qué tiene tanto éxito?

    it was then that... — fue entonces cuando...

    9) (=exist) haber

    there is/are — hay

    what is (there) in that room? — ¿qué hay en esa habitación?

    is there anyone at home? — ¿hay alguien en casa?

    there being no alternative solution... — al no haber or no habiendo otra solución...

    let there be light! — ¡hágase la luz!

    See:
    THERE IS, THERE ARE in there
    10) (=cost)

    how much was it? — ¿cuánto costó?

    the book is £20 — el libro vale or cuesta 20 libras

    how much is it? — ¿cuánto es?; (when paying) ¿qué le debo? frm

    11) (=visit)

    has the postman been? — ¿ha venido el cartero?

    have you ever been to Glasgow? — ¿has estado en Glasgow alguna vez?

    • mother to be — futura madre or mamá f

    • my wife to be — mi futura esposa

    • been and * —

    you've been and done it now! — ¡buena la has hecho! *

    that dog of yours has been and dug up my flowers! — ¡tu perro ha ido y me ha destrozado las flores!

    • you're busy enough as it is — estás bastante ocupado ya con lo que tienes, ya tienes suficiente trabajo

    • if it hadn't been for..., if it hadn't been for you or frm had it not been for you, we would have lost — si no hubiera sido por ti or de no haber sido por ti, habríamos perdido

    • let me be! — ¡déjame en paz!

    • if that's what you want to do, then so be it — si eso es lo que quieres hacer, adelante

    • what is it to you? * — ¿a ti qué te importa?

    • what's it to be? — (in bar etc) ¿qué va a ser?, ¿qué vas a tomar?

    2. AUXILIARY VERB
    The passive is not used as often in Spanish as in English, active and reflexive constructions often being preferred:

    it is said that... — dicen que..., se dice que...

    she was killed in a car crash — murió en un accidente de coche, resultó muerta en un accidente de coche frm

    what's to be done? — ¿qué hay que hacer?

    • it's a film not to be missed — es una película que no hay que perderse

    • we searched everywhere for him, but he was nowhere to be seen — lo buscamos por todas partes pero no lo encontramos en ningún sitio

    what are you doing? — ¿qué estás haciendo?, ¿qué haces?

    Use the present simple to talk about planned future events and the construction to talk about intention:

    "it's a pity you aren't coming with us" - "but I am coming!" — -¡qué pena que no vengas con nosotros! -¡sí que voy!

    will you be seeing her tomorrow? — ¿la verás or la vas a ver mañana?

    will you be needing more? — ¿vas a necesitar más?

    I'll be seeing you — hasta luego, nos vemos (esp LAm)

    The imperfect tense can be used for continuous action in the past: for, since
    a)

    "he's going to complain about you" - "oh, is he?" — -va a quejarse de ti -¿ah, sí?

    "I'm worried" - "so am I" — -estoy preocupado -yo también

    "I'm not ready" - "neither am I" — -no estoy listo -yo tampoco

    "you're tired" - "no, I'm not" — -estás cansado -no, ¡qué va!

    "you're not eating enough" - "yes I am" — -no comes lo suficiente -que sí

    "they're getting married" - "oh, are they?" — (showing surprise) -se casan -¿ah, sí? or -¡no me digas!

    "he isn't very happy" - "oh, isn't he?" — -no está muy contento -¿ah, no?

    "he's always late, isn't he?" - "yes, he is" — -siempre llega tarde, ¿verdad? -(pues) sí

    "is it what you expected?" - "no, it isn't" — -¿es esto lo que esperabas? -(pues) no

    "she's pretty" - "no, she isn't" — -es guapa -¡qué va!

    he's handsome, isn't he? — es guapo, ¿verdad?, es guapo, ¿no?, es guapo, ¿no es cierto?

    it was fun, wasn't it? — fue divertido, ¿verdad?, fue divertido, ¿no?

    she wasn't happy, was she? — no era feliz, ¿verdad?

    so he's back again, is he? — así que ha vuelto, ¿eh?

    you're not ill, are you? — ¿no estarás enfermo?

    3. MODAL VERB
    (with infinitive construction)
    1) (=must, have to)

    he's not to open it — no debe abrirlo, que no lo abra

    I am to do it — he de hacerlo yo, soy yo el que debe hacerlo

    I wasn't to tell you his name — no podía or debía decirte su nombre

    2) (=should) deber

    am I to understand that...? — ¿debo entender que...?

    she wrote "My Life", not to be confused with Bernstein's book of the same name — escribió "Mi Vida", que no debe confundirse con la obra de Bernstein que lleva el mismo título

    he was to have come yesterday — tenía que or debía haber venido ayer

    3) (=will)
    4) (=can)

    if it was or were to snow... — si nevase or nevara...

    if I were to leave the job, would you replace me? — si yo dejara el puesto, ¿me sustituirías?

    BE
    "Ser" or "estar"?
    You can use "ser": ► when defining or identifying by linking two nouns or noun phrases:
    Paris is the capital of France París es la capital de Francia
    He was the most hated man in the village Era el hombre más odiado del pueblo ► to describe essential or inherent characteristics (e.g. colour, material, nationality, race, shape, size {etc}):
    His mother is German Su madre es alemana
    She was blonde Era rubia ► with most impersonal expressions not involving past participles:
    It is important to be on time Es importante llegar a tiempo
    Está claro que is an exception:
    It is obvious you don't understand Está claro que no lo entiendes ► when telling the time or talking about time or age:
    It is ten o'clock Son las diez
    It's very late. Let's go home Es muy tarde. Vamos a casa
    He lived in the country when he was young Vivió en el campo cuando era joven ► to indicate possession or duty:
    It's mine Es mío
    This is your responsibility Este asunto es responsabilidad tuya ► with events in the sense of "take place":
    The 1992 Olympic Games were in Barcelona Los Juegos Olímpicos de 1992 fueron en Barcelona
    "Where is the exam?" - "It's in Room 1" "¿Dónde es el examen?" - "Es en el Aula Número 1" NOTE: Compare this usage with that of estar (see below) to talk about location of places, objects and people.
    You can use "estar": ► to talk about location of places, objects and people:
    "Where is Zaragoza?" - "It's in Spain" "¿Dónde está Zaragoza?" - "Está en España"
    Your glasses are on the bedside table Tus gafas están en la mesilla de noche NOTE: But use ser with events in the sense of "take place" (see above)}. ► to talk about changeable state, condition or mood:
    The teacher is ill La profesora está enferma
    The coffee's cold El café está frío
    How happy I am! ¡Qué contento estoy! NOTE: Feliz, however, which is seen as more permanent than contento, is used mainly with ser. ► to form progressive tenses:
    We're having lunch. Is it ok if I call you later? Estamos comiendo. Te llamaré luego, ¿vale?
    Both "ser" and "estar" can be used with past participles ► Use ser in {passive} constructions:
    This play was written by Lorca Esta obra fue escrita por Lorca
    He was shot dead (by a terrorist group) Fue asesinado a tiros (por un grupo terrorista) NOTE: The passive is not used as often in Spanish as it is in English. ► Use estar with past participles to describe the {results} of a previous action or event:
    We threw them away because they were broken Los tiramos a la basura porque estaban rotos
    He's dead Está muerto ► Compare the use of ser + ((past participle)) which describes {action} and estar + ((past participle)) which describes {result} in the following:
    The window was broken by the firemen La ventana fue rota por los bomberos
    The window was broken La ventana estaba rota
    It was painted around 1925 Fue pintado hacia 1925
    The floor is painted a dark colour El suelo está pintado de color oscuro ► Ser and estar are both used in impersonal expressions with past participles. As above, the use of ser implies {action} while the use of estar implies {result}:
    It is understood that the work was never finished Es sabido que el trabajo nunca se llegó a terminar
    It is a proven fact that vaccinations save many lives Está demostrado que las vacunas salvan muchas vidas
    "Ser" and "estar" with adjectives ► Some adjectives can be used with both ser and estar but the meaning changes completely depending on the verb:
    He's clever Es listo
    Are you ready? ¿Estás listo?
    Chemistry is boring La química es aburrida
    I'm bored Estoy aburrido ► Other adjectives can also be used with both verbs but the use of ser describes a {characteristic} while the use of estar implies a {change}:
    He's very handsome Es muy guapo
    You look great in that dress! Estás muy guapa con ese vestido
    He's slim Es delgado
    You're (looking) very slim ¡Estás muy delgada! For further uses and examples, see main entry
    * * *
    [biːˌ] weak form [bi]
    1.
    1) (pres am, are, is; past was, were; past p been) intransitive verb [See notes at ser and estar]
    2)
    a) (followed by an adjective)

    she's French/intelligent — es francesa/inteligente

    he's worried/furious — está preocupado/furioso

    he's blind — es or (Esp tb) está ciego

    have you never had gazpacho? it's delicious! — ¿nunca has comido gazpacho? es delicioso!

    the gazpacho is delicious, did you make it yourself? — el gazpacho está delicioso ¿lo hiciste tú?

    she was very rude to me — estuvo or fue muy grosera conmigo

    Tony is married/divorced/single — Tony está or (esp AmL) es casado/divorciado/soltero

    to be married to somebody — estar* casado con alguien

    3)
    a) (followed by a noun) ser*

    who was Prime Minister at the time? — ¿quién era Primer Ministro en ese momento?

    it's me/Daniel — soy yo/es Daniel

    if I were you, I'd stay — yo que tú or yo en tu lugar me quedaría

    b) ( play the role of) hacer* de
    4)

    how are you? — ¿cómo estás?

    I'm much better — estoy or me encuentro mucho mejor

    she's pregnant/tired — está embarazada/cansada

    I'm cold/hot/hungry/thirsty/sleepy — tengo frío/calor/hambre/sed/sueño

    b) ( talking about age) tener*

    how old are you? — ¿cuántos años tienes?

    he's a lot older/younger — es mucho mayor/menor

    c) (giving cost, measurement, weight)

    how much is that? - that'll be $15, please — ¿cuánto es? - (son) 15 dólares, por favor

    they are $15 each — cuestan or valen 15 dólares cada una

    how tall/heavy is he? — ¿cuánto mide/pesa?

    5)
    a) (exist, live)

    I think, therefore I am — pienso, luego existo

    to let something/somebody be — dejar tranquilo or en paz algo/a alguien

    don't be too long — no tardes mucho, no (te) demores mucho (esp AmL)

    I'm drying my hair, I won't be long — me estoy secando el pelo, enseguida estoy

    how long will dinner be? — ¿cuánto falta para la cena?

    c) ( take place) ser*
    6) (be situated, present) estar*

    where is the library? — ¿dónde está or queda la biblioteca?

    where are you? — ¿dónde estás?

    what's in that box? — ¿qué hay en esa caja?

    who's in the movie? — ¿quién actúa or trabaja en la película?

    how long are you in Chicago (for)? — (colloq) ¿cuánto (tiempo) te vas a quedar en Chicago ?

    have you been to the exhibition yet? — ¿ya has estado en or has ido a la exposición?


    2.
    v impers
    1)
    a) (talking about physical conditions, circumstances)

    it's sunny/cold/hot — hace sol/frío/calor

    it's so noisy/quiet in here! — qué ruido/silencio hay aquí!

    I have enough problems as it is, without you... — yo ya tengo suficientes problemas sin que tú encima...

    hi, Joe, it's been a long time — qué tal, Joe, tanto tiempo (sin verte)

    it's 500 miles from here to Detroit — Detroit queda or está a 500 millas de aquí

    2)
    a) (introducing person, object) ser*

    it was me who told them — fui yo quien se lo dije or dijo, fui yo el que se lo dije or dijo

    b) (in conditional use) ser*

    if it hadn't been o had it not been for Juan, we would have been killed — si no hubiera sido por Juan or de no ser por Juan, nos habríamos matado


    3.
    v aux

    what was I saying? — ¿qué estaba diciendo?

    she was leaving when... — se iba cuando...

    how long have you been waiting? — ¿cuánto (tiempo) hace que esperas?, ¿cuánto (tiempo) llevas esperando?

    he is o will be arriving tomorrow — llega mañana

    when are you seeing her? — ¿cuándo la vas a ver or la verás?

    2) (in the passive voice) ser* [The passive voice, however, is less common in Spanish than it is in English]

    it was built in 1903 — fue construido en 1903, se construyó en 1903, lo construyeron en 1903

    she was told that... — le dijeron or se le dijo que...

    it is known that... — se sabe que...

    3) to be to + inf

    if a solution is to be found... — si se quiere encontrar or si se ha de encontrar una solución...

    what are we to do? — ¿qué podemos hacer?

    c) ( expressing obligation) deber* + inf, tener* que + inf, haber* de + inf

    tell her she's to stay here — dile que debe quedarse or tiene que quedarse aquí, dile que se quede aquí

    am I to understand that... ? — ¿debo entender que... ?

    what would happen if she were o was to die? — ¿qué pasaría si ella muriera?

    5)

    she's right, isn't she? — tiene razón, ¿no? or ¿verdad? or ¿no es cierto?

    so that's what you think, is it? — de manera que eso es lo que piensas

    are you disappointed? - yes, I am/no, I'm not — ¿estás desilusionado? - sí (, lo estoy)/no (, no lo estoy)

    she was told the news, and so was he/but I wasn't — a ella le dieron la noticia, y también a él/pero a mí no

    I'm surprised, are/aren't you? — estoy sorprendido, ¿y tú?/¿tú no?

    English-spanish dictionary > be

  • 15 make

    1. I
    the ebb was making начинался отлив; the tide making we weighed anchor во время прилива мы бросили якорь
    2. II
    1) make in some manner this toy makes easily эту игрушку легко сделать: hay ought to make well [in this drying breeze] [на таком сухом ветерке] сено должно хорошо просушиться /сохнуть/
    2) make somewhere make upstream (downstream) идти /плыть/ вверх (вниз) по течению
    3) make in some manner the tide is making fast вода быстро прибывает; winter is making earnestly наступает настоящая зима
    4) make in some manner make well (poorly, etc.) хорошо и т. д. зарабатывать; he always makes pretty handsomely он всегда недурно зарабатывает
    3. III
    1) make smth. make machines (tools, paper, chairs, hats, etc.) делать /производить/ машины и т. д., make bricks делать /обжигать/ кирпичи; make a boat (a bridge, a house, a road, etc.) (подстроить лодку и т. д.: make a dress (a coat, a blouse, etc.) делать /шить/ платье и т. д.; make a film снимать фильм: make lunch (jelly, a good supper, etc.) делать /готовить/ завтрак и т. д., make coffee варить кофе; make tea заварить чай; make bread (ис-)печь хлеб; make a garden (a park, flower-beds, etc.) разбивать сад и т. д.; make hay косить траву: make a path делать /прокладывать/ дорожку: where will they make a camp? где они раскинут /разобьют/ лагерь?; make beds стелить /заправлять/ постели; make a fire разжигать камин или раскладывать костер; make nests вить гнезда; beavers make their holes бобры роют норы
    2) make smth. make one's reputation (one's name) создать себе репутацию (имя); make smb.'s character формировать чей-л. характер; make one's own life строить свой собственную жизнь, самостоятельно строить свой жизнь; make haste торопиться; make progress делать успехи; make preparations делать приготовления; make plans разрабатывать / вынашивать/ планы; he is making plans to go away он собирается /намеревается/ уехать; who made this ridiculous rule? кто придумал это глупое правило?; make war вести войну, воевать; are they willing to make peace? a) они согласны заключить мир?; б) они готовы примириться? || make a stand занимать принципиальную позицию: make love а) ухаживать; говорить ласковые слова; б) ласкать, заниматься любовью
    3) make smb., smth. one big deal made the young man молодой человек добился успеха благодаря лишь всего одной крупной сделке; hard work made him он добился успеха упорным трудом; wars made and unmade this country эта страна возвеличилась благодаря войнам, и они же привели ее к гибели; industry has made Manchester Манчестер превратился в важный центр благодаря развитию промышленности
    4) make smth. make trouble (a fuss, a mess, etc.) создавать неприятности и т. д.; he made a terrible to-do он устроил ужасный скандал; don't make noise не делай шума, не шуми; make a change (a disturbance, a panic, etc.) вызывать изменение и т. д., make mischief а) наносить вред; б) шалить, безобразничать; this makes a great difference это совсем другое дело; it makes no difference это ничего не меняет. это все равно; make a great hit coll. иметь огромный успех
    5) make smth. make eighty miles (five kilometres, etc.) сделать / пройти/ восемьдесят миль и т. д.; make twenty knots идти со скоростью двадцать узлов; make good time а) идти /двигаться/ с хорошей скоростью; б) sport. показать хорошее время
    6) make smth. соll. make port (harbour, home, land, one's destination, etc.) добираться до /достигать/ порта и т. д., he's tired out, he'll never make the summit он уже выдохся, ему ни за что не добраться до вершины; make the tram (the bus, the next flight, etc.) успевать на /поймать/ трамвай и т. д.; I had hoped to get to the meeting but I found at the last minute that I couldn't make it я надеялся попасть на собрание, но в последнюю минуту понял, что не успею
    7) make smth. make good grades получать хорошие отметки, хорошо учиться; make the highest score получить больше всего очков; who made the score? кто выиграл /победил/?; I doubt whether he will make much сомневаюсь, чтобы он мог многого добиться, вряд ли он мог многого добиться, вряд ли он многого добьется; those plants will not make much, the soil is too poor эти растения не пойдут /не будут хорошо расти/, здесь плохая почва; do you think a table this wide can make the doorway? вы думаете такой ширины стол пройдет в дверь?; make the team (the best-seller list, the first ten, etc.) попасть в команду и т. д.; this news made the front page это известие поместили на первой полосе [газеты] || make it добиться успеха; make one's point доказать свою течку зрения; has he made his point? понятно, что он хотел сказать?
    8) make smth. make a good salary (three pounds a week, a profit, etc.) получать хорошее жалованье и т. д.; make a living зарабатывать на жизнь; make money а) зарабатывать деньги; б) разбогатеть; make a fortune приобрести состояние; make a loss потерпеть /понести/ убыток; make smb. make friends приобрести /завеете/ друзей; make enemies нажить врагов
    9) make smth. one hundred pence make a pound сто пенсов составляют фунт; twelve inches make one foot в одном футе двенадцать дюймов; that makes 40 cents you owe me итак, ты мне должен сорок центов; this made his tenth novel это был уже его десятый роман; how many people make a quorum? сколько человек требуется /необходимо/ для кворума?; how many players make а, football team? сколько человек в футбольной команде?; will you make one of the party? не составите ли вы нам компанию?, не присоединитесь ли вы к нам?; "mouse" makes "mice" in the plural множественное число от "mouse" - "mice"
    10) make smth. make a will (a deal of transfer, a promissory note, a bill of exchange, etc.) составлять завещание и т. д.; make a list составлять список; make a report написать отчет, подготовить доклад; make a contract (a bargain, an agreement, etc.) заключать /подписывать/ контракт и т. д.
    11) semiaux make smth. make a stop остановиться, сделать остановку; make a landing сделать посадку; make a pause сделать паузу; make a move а) стронуться с места, двинуться; it's ten o'clock, it's time we made a move уже десять часов, нам пора двигаться / отправляться/; don't make a move! ни с места!, не двигаться!; б) сделать ход; make a start начать; make a good start положить хорошее начало; make an early start рано отправиться в путь; make a jump прыгнуть; make a sign сделать /подать/ знак; make a bow поклониться; make a curtsey сделать книксен; make a call а) нанести короткий визит; I have to make a few calls мне надо забежать в несколько мест: б) позвонить по телефону; let me make a call first разрешите мне сначала позвонить по телефону; make a trip совершать /предпринимать/ поездку; make a speech произнести речь, выступить с речью; make an offer /а proposition/ внести предложение, предложить; make a proposal сделать предложение, предложить выйти замуж; make an answer /а reply/ дать ответ, ответить; make a denial отклонять; опровергать, помещать опровержение; make a joke отпустить шутку; make a complaint (по)жаловаться; make a vow дать клятву, поклясться; make a choice выбирать, делать выбор; make a mistake сделать /допустить/ ошибку, ошибиться; make inquiries наводить справки; make a sacrifice приносить жертву, жертвовать; make room /place/ подвинуться, освободить место; make way освободить дорогу /путь/, отойти в сторону; make a face скорчить рожу, гримасничать
    12) aux make smb. make a lawyer (a good teacher, a bad farmer, a waiter, an excellent husband, etc.) быть хорошим юристом и т. д., he makes a good carpenter он хороший плотник: he made a very poor musician из него получился очень плохой музыкант; one good verse doesn't make a poet одно хорошее стихотворение еще не дает права называться поэтом; he and his cousin would make a handsome couple он и его кузина составляют прекрасную пару; make smth. cold tea makes an excellent drink холодный чай make прекрасный напиток; dry wood makes a good fire сухое дерево хорошо горит; that makes a good answer! вот хороший ответ!; this makes no sense в этом нет никакого смысла; это бессмысленно; these plays (their letters to each other, etc.) make pleasant reading эти пьесы и т. д. приятно читать; his adventures make all exciting story рассказ о его приключениях слушаешь с волнением
    4. IV
    1) make smth. in some manner make smth. quickly (eventually, inevitably, unhesitatingly, etc.) делать что-л. быстро и т. д.; make smth. lawfully (scientifically. delicately, persistently, etc.) делать /осуществлять/ что-л. на законных основаниях и т. д.
    2) make some distance in some time make 200 miles an hour (ten miles a day, etc.) делать двести миль в час и т. д.; we made only three miles that day в тот день мы прошли /проделали/ только три мили; some airplanes can make over 500 miles an hour скорость некоторых самолетов превышает пятьсот миль в час
    3) make smth. at some time he will never make much он никогда не добьется успеха
    4) make sonic money in some time make L 2000 a year зарабатывать /получать/ две тысячи фунтов в год; how much money do you make a week (a month, a year, etc.)? сколько [денег] вы получаете /зарабатываете/ в неделю и т. д.?
    5. V
    1) make smb. smth. make him a new toy (her a dress, the children a swing in the garden, etc.) сделать ему /для него/ новую игрушку и т. д., make her a cup of tea приготовь /подай/ ей чашку чаю
    2) make smth. smth. make it a rule взять [что-л.] за правило; he made it a rule to get up early он взял себе за правило рано вставать; make it one's business считать это своим делом; don't make cheating a practice не привыкай обманывать; he made a certificate his object он поставил себе целью получить диплом
    3) make smb. smb. make smb. one's heir (him king, a page knight, him a teacher, etc.) сделать кого-л. своим наследником и т. д., make a priest a bishop возвести священника в сан епископа; make smb. a judge (one's spokesman, one's special envoy, etc.) назначать кого-л. судьей и т. д., they made him chairman его выбрали председателем; make a colonel general присвоить /дать/ полковнику звание генерала; произвести полковника в генералы; make smb. a duke (a peer, etc.) дать /пожаловать/ кому-л. титул герцога и т. д., he intended to make his son a barrister (a soldier, a carpenter, etc.) он хотел, чтобы его сын стал адвокатом и т. д.; he made her his wife он сделал ее своей женой, он женился на ней; make smb. prisoner взять кого-л. в плен; make oneself a martyr сделать из себя мученика, пойти на муки; make this character an important person (Hamlet a figure of tragic indecision, Shylock a tragic figure, her a figure of fun, etc.) делать из этого персонажа значительную личность и т. д.
    4) make smth. smth. add one more egg and make it a round dozen прибавь еще одно яйцо, и будет /получится/ дюжина
    5) make it smth. shall we make it Tuesday? договоримся на вторник?; can you come at six? - make it half past вы можете прийти в шесть? - Лучше условимся на половину седьмого; I shall make it tomorrow я договорись на завтра
    6) make smth. smth. make the distance about 70 miles полагать /считать/, что расстояние равно примерно семидесяти милям; I make the total about L 50 по-моему, общая сумма составит фунтов пятьдесят; how large do you make the crowd? как вы думаете, сколько в этой толпе человек?; what do you make the time? сколько, по-вашему, сейчас времени?; what time do you make it? - I make it half past four сколько сейчас времени, по-вашему? - Мне кажется, что сейчас примерно половина пятого
    7) semiaux make smb. smth. make smb. an offer (one or two attractive proposals, a bid for the antique table, etc.) сделать кому-л. какое-л. предложение и т. д.; I made her a present of the vase я подарил ей эту вазу; he made me a sign он сделал /подал/ мне знак; she made him a face она скорчила ему рожу
    8) 0 make smb. smb. she will make him a good wife (a good mother, a loyal friend, etc.) она будет ему хорошей женой и т. д.; make smb. smth. this cloth will make me a good suit из этого отреза мне выйдет хороший костюм
    6. VI
    1) make smb., smth. be of some nudity his upbringing made him selfish воспитание сделало его эгоистом; her eyes made her beautiful глаза делали ее прекрасной; he was trying to make himself agreeable он старался быть приятным; we shall try to make your stay here agreeable мы постараемся [сделать так], чтобы ваш визит сюда доставил вам удовольствие; make oneself responsible взять на себя ответственность; make children immune against this disease создать /выработать/ у детей иммунитет против /к/ этой болезни; this portrait makes him too old на портрете он выглядит гораздо старше [, чем он есть на самом деле]; this opera made him immortal эта опера принесла ему бессмертие; make his novels (the song, this new theory, the actress, etc.) popular (famous) сделать его романы и т. д. популярными, создать /принести/ популярность (славу) его романам и т. д.; don't stand about doing nothing - make yourself useful не стойте без дела, помогите [нам]; you've made my nose too big вы нарисовали мне слишком большей нос; make smb., smth. be in some state make smb. happy (rich, poor, etc.) сделать кого-л. счастливым и т. д., make the prisoners free освободить заключенных; make oneself comfortable удобно устроиться; they are coming, make yourselves ready они приближаются, будьте готовы; she is seeing it for the first time, we must make her ready такое она увидит впервые, надо ее подготовить; make smb. angry рассердить кого-л.; her answers made him furious ее ответы взбесили его: make smb. sick a) вызывать у кого-л. тошноту; what made you sick? отчего вам стало плохо?; б) coll. раздражать кого-л.: your questions make me sick мне надоели ваши вопросы, меня тошнит от ваших вопросов; hot weather makes some people sleepy в жару некоторых людей клонит ко сну; it will make you ridiculous in their eyes это выставит вас в смешном свете в их глазах; make it flat сплющить что-л. || make it worth smb.'s while компенсировать кому-л. что-л.; if you help me with this job I'll make it worth your while если вы поможете мне в этом [деле], я в долгу не останусь / вы не будете внакладе/: make oneself (one's point) clear ясно излагать свои мысли (аргументы)
    2) make smb. be in some state what makes you so late? что вас так задержало?, отчего вы так опоздали?; it made her more careful после этого она стала осторожнее
    7. VII
    1) make smb., smth. do smth. make smb. stop (go, laugh, cry, sign a statement, repeat a story, fall asleep, etc.) заставить кого-л. остановиться и т. д.: they made me feel ashamed они меня смутили; make smb. understand а) заставить кого-л. понять; б) дать кому-л. понять; don't make me do it не вынуждай меня это делать / к этому/; I can make him believe anything I choose я могу убедить его в чем угодно; it makes me think you are right это убеждает меня в вашей правоте; I can't make anyone hear не могу достучаться или дозваться, дозвониться к кому-л.; make an engine start завести мотор; make the kettle boil вскипятить чайник; make water boil довести воду до кипения; I can't make the fire burn никак не могу разжечь костер или развести огонь; what makes the grass grow so quickly? отчего трава растет так быстро?; the wind made the bells ring колокольчики звенели на ветру: onions make our eyes smart от лука [у нас] щиплет глаза; his account made our hair stand on end от его рассказа у нас волосы встали дыбом || make smth. do обходиться чем-л.: there is not much money but I'll make it do денег немного, но я постараюсь, чтобы их хватило; I shall have to make this coat do for a bit longer придется еще немного походить в старом пальто id make both ends meet сводить концы с концами
    2) make smb. do smth. most of the chronicles make the king die in 1026 согласно большинству хроник король умер в тысяча двадцать шестом году; some scholars make Homer come from one city, others from another ученые спорят о месте рождения Гомера
    8. IX
    make smth., smb. done make the results (the news, his arrival, the invention, etc.) known обнародовать результаты и т. д., сообщить о результатах и т. д., make smth. felt сделать что-л. ощутимым; make oneself known а) назвать себя; б) заставить о себе говорить, заявить о себе, добиться известности; make him known to my father познакомить его с моим отцом, представить его моему отцу; make oneself understood ясно изъясняться; сан you make yourself understood in English? вас понимают, когда вы говорите по-английски?; he couldn't make himself /his voice/ heard above the noise of the traffic он не мог перекричать уличный шум, его не было слышно из-за уличного шума; we must make him respected необходимо вызвать к нему уважение /заставить людей уважать его/
    9. XI
    1) be made somewhere be made in England (in France, etc.) производиться /выпускаться/ в Англии и т. д. ; made in USSR сделано в СССР; be made in a factory производиться /делаться/ на фабрике; be made of (with, from, into) smth. be made of wood (of silk, of plastic, etc.) быть [сделанным] из дерева и т. д., this cloth is made of cotton эта ткань делается из хлопка; what is this made of? из чего это сделано?; а bow is made of stick and string лук делается из палки и бечевки; cheese is made from milk (cereal is made from grain, rubber is made from sap, etc.) сыр делают из молока и т. д., gas is made from coal газ производят из каменного угля; wool is made into cloth из шерсти делают /ткут/ ткань; grapes are made into raisins из винограда сушат изюм; the skin of the walrus is made into leather из шкуры моржа выделывают кожу; their food is always made with garlic в пищу они всегда добавляют чеснок; I like my coffee made with milk я люблю кофе [приготовленный] с молоком; be made for smb., smth. these houses are made for our workers эти дома построены для наших рабочих; this hat was made for you эту шляпку сделали [специально] для вас; this car is made for speed эти автомашины производятся специально для скоростной езды; be made with /by/ smth. this can be made with a knife это можно сделать ножом; this tool is made by a very intricate process изготовление этого инструмента сопряжено с большими сложностями; this thing is made by hand (by machinery) эту вещь делают вручную (на машине); be made by smb., smth. this was made by my friend это сделал (построил, создал и т. п.) мой друг; these experiments are made by robots эти опыты выполняют роботы; this grotto was not made by nature, it was made by man это не естественный грот, он создан человеком || be made to order (to measure) быть сделанным /сшитым/ на заказ; all his clothes are made to order он шьет все свои вещи [у портного], он делает все свои вещи на заказ id be made of different stuff быть совсем другим человеком, make быть сделанным из другого теста; let them all see what you are made of пусть все видят, что ты за человек /чего ты стоишь/; а first-class job was made of his house его дом прекрасно отремонтировали
    2) be made the decision is made решение вынесено; be made at some time unless a move is made very soon, it will be too late если в ближайшее время что-либо не сделают, будет слишком поздно; be made by smb. the first move was made by my brother первый шаг сделал мой брат; be made of smth. effective use was made of this money эти деньги были потрачены с пользой; be made for smth. these rules were made for a special purpose эти правила были составлены с особой целью; be made to do smth. the regulations were made to protect children эти правила созданы /выработаны/ для защиты детей || note should be made следует обратить внимание; а careful note should be made of what he says нужно внимательно отнестись /прислушаться/ к тому, что он говорит
    3) be made smb. he was made commander-in-chief (general manager, president of the club, a judge, etc.) его назначили главнокомандующим и т. д., he was made an officer его произвели в офицеры; he was made a knight он был посвящен в рыцари; he was made prisoner его взяли в плен; be made by smb., smth. the recommendation was made by the committee эта рекомендация была предложена комиссией; the writer was made by his first book с первой же книги его признали настоящим писателем; be made for smb. they are made for each other они созданы друг для друга
    4) be made to be of some state be made known придать гласность; the results are to be made known on application результаты сообщают, если подано соответствующее заявление; the full story was never made public все подробности этой истории так и не стали достоянием общественности; be made about smth., smb. much fuss has been made about it (about the affair, about her, etc.) вокруг этого и т. д. была поднята большая шумиха; be made to do smth. the pupil was made to write his biography (to speak up, to stay after lessons, etc.) ученика заставили написать свою биографию и т. д.; the crowd was made to disperse толпу разогнали; these two statements cannot be made to agree эти два заявления противоречат друг другу
    5) be made on (out of, by, etc.) smth. how much will be made on the business? какой доход будет получен от этого предприятия /даст это предприятие/?; а good deal of capital will be made out of this это принесет солидный капитал: I have по desire for money that has been made by dishonest means я не хочу брать деньги, заработанные нечестным путем
    6) be made of smth. nothing could be made of the scribble in his note books (of her note, of his mumbling, etc,) ничего нельзя было понять из каракулей в его тетради и т. д.
    7) be made with smb. a treaty has been made with other countries был заключен договор с другими странами
    10. XII
    have smth. made for smth. I must have a coat made for the winter мне нужно отдать сшить зимнее пальто
    11. XIII
    1) || make believe делать вид; he made believe to work hard (to throw a ball, not to know anything, etc.) он делал вид, что он усердно работает и т. д., make believe to be a scholar воображать себя ученым
    2) semiaux make to do smth. he made to go он хотел было уйти; he made to stop me он попытался было остановить меня; he made to snatch her bag он рванулся вперед, чтобы вы хватить у нее сумку
    3) · make do with (without, on) smth. I will have to make do with cold meat for dinner (with a very short holiday, with an old wireless set, etc.) мне придется довольствоваться холодным мясом вместо обеда и т. д.; I shall have to make do without a coat придется мне обойтись без пальто; I don't know how she makes do on so small an income не знаю, как она сводит концы с концами при таком небольшом заработке; I shall make do on biscuits and cheese сыра и галет мне будет достаточно
    12. XV
    1) || make good coll. добиться успеха; I never believed that he would make good я никогда не верил, что он чего-нибудь добьется; talent and education are necessary to make good in this field чтобы добиться успеха в этой области, необходимы талант и образование
    2) || make good smth. оправдывать что-л.; he made good his promise он выполнил /сдержал/ свое обещание; she made good her claims она доказала справедливость или законность своих притязаний: you will have to make good your boast тебе придется доказать, что это не пустое хвастовство; make good its title tic) be ranked as an independent science обосновать /доказать/ свое право считаться самостоятельной наукой; make good the damage (the shortage, the loss, etc.) возмещать убытки и т. д. ; any money that you cannot account for you will have to make good тебе придется возместить /вернуть/ все деньги, за которые ты не сумеешь отчитаться
    3) 0 || make sure /certain/ быть уверенным или удостовериться; have you made sure of the facts (of the timetable, of the results, etc.)? вы проверили факты и т. д.?, вы убеждены в правильности фактов и т. д.?; if you want to make sure of a seat you had better book in advance если вы хотите наверняка иметь билет, закажите его заранее / заблаговременно/; first they made sure of him сначала они [проверили его и] убедились в его надежности; I want to make sure of catching her (of getting there in time, of having a good seat, of his answering the letter, etc.) я хочу быть уверенным, что застану ее и т. д.,make sure that the letter was delivered (that the doors are locked, that there is no one here, etc.) убедиться, что письмо доставлено и т. д.; will you please make sure that they are all here? проверьте, пожалуйста, все ли она пришли; I made certain that he would do so я был уверен, что он так и поступит; make bold осмеливаться; make bold to ask a favour (to call on you, to express my opinion, etc.) осмелиться просить об одолжении и т. д.; I make bold to say that he knows nothing about it осмелюсь утверждать, что он ничего об этом не знает; make light of smth. не придавать чему-л. особого значения; she made light of her troubles (of this accident, of a situation, of other people's illness, etc.) она легко относится к своим неприятностям и т. д., она особенно не переживает из-за своих неприятностей и т. д.; make ready подготовиться; make merry веселиться; make merry over his victory радоваться /веселиться/ по случаю его победы; make free with smth. пользоваться чем-л., не стесняясь
    13. XVI
    1) make after smb. make after the fox (after the rabbit, after the escaped convict, etc.) броситься /пуститься/ преследовать лису и т. д., she made after him like a mad woman она как безумная бросилась за ним; in the morning we made after them утром мы пустились за ними вслед; make at smb. he gave a shout and made at me он издал крик и (на)бросился на меня; the dog made at the postman собака накинулась на почтальона; the angry woman made at me with her umbrella рассерженная женщина (накинулась на меня с зонтиком; make for /toward/ smb., smth. make for the crowd (for the sea, for the nearest town, toward a distant hill, for home, etc.) двигаться по направлению /направляться/ к толпе и т. д., he quickly made for /toward/ the door он бросился к двери; she made for the sound of guns она пошла туда, откуда раздавались выстрелы; the dog made for the robber собака бросилась за грабителем; make for the open sea направиться в открытое море
    2) make on smth. coll. make on this business (on shares, on oil, etc.) заработать на этом деле и т. д., he made pretty handsomely on that bargain он неплохо заработал /нажился/ на этой сделке
    3) 0 make for smth. make for better understanding between countries ( for the happiness of all, for a friendly atmosphere in the club, for peace, for stability of marriage, etc.) способствовать лучшему взаимопониманию между странами и т. д.; does early rising make for good health? полезно ли для здоровья рано вставать?; that weather makes for optimism в такую погоду и настроение хорошее; new facts made for the prisoner's acquittal новые факты ускорили вынесение /помогли вынесению/ оправдательного приговора заключенному; make against smth. experience makes against this assertion опыт опровергает это утверждение; your behaviour makes against your chance of success ваше поведение не способствует /мешает/ вашему успеху
    14. XXI1
    1) make smth. out of /from, of, with/ smth. make bottles out of glass (bricks of clay, flour from wheat, a box out of a bit of mahogany, etc.) делать бутылки из стекла и т. д., make wreaths of daisies плести венки из маргариток; make a megaphone of one's hands сложить руки рупором; the cake was spoilt as she made it with a bad egg торт был испорчен, так как она положила в тесто несвежее яйцо; what do you make with flour (with the eggs, with these things, etc.)? что вы делаете из муки и т. д.?; what will you make with all these flowers? что вы будете делать с таким количеством цветов?; what can you make out of this stuff? что ты можешь сделать / сшить/ из этого материала?; make smth. in smth. make a hole in the ground выкопать яму в земле; make a gap in the hedge проделать лаз /дыру/ в изгороди; it made a hole /а dent/ in my savings (in my reserves, in smb.'s finances, etc.) от этого пострадали мои сбережения и т. д., make smth. for smth. make an opening for the wires сделать входное отверстие для проводов; make a hole for a tree выкопать яму под дерево; he made a bookcase for his apartment он сам сделал в своей квартире книжный шкаф; make smth. into smth. make milk into cheese and butter (hide into leather, wood into pulp, etc.) перерабатывать молоко на масло и сыр и т. д.; make these huts into temporary houses (it into a stock company, the desert into a garden, etc.) превращать эти хижины во временное жилье и т. д., make these books into bundles связать книги в пачки; make a story into a play переделать повесть в пьесу
    2) make smth. of smb. make an example of smb. ставить кого-л. в пример; make fun of smb. подшучивать или издеваться над кем-л.; make a laughing-stock of smb. сделать кого-л. посмешищем, выставлять кого-л. в смешном виде; make a fool /an ass/ of him (of her husband, etc.) делать из него и т. д. дурака; make a fool (a beast, a pig, etc.) of oneself вести себя как дурак и т. д., make a nuisance of oneself надоедать /докучать, досаждать/ кому-л.; make an exhibition /а spectacle, a show/ of oneself привлекать к себе внимание; make smth. of smth. make a profession of smth. сделать что-л. своей профессией; make a business of politics заниматься политикой профессионально; make a parade / a show/ of one's talents щеголять /кичиться/ своими талантами; make a boast of smth. хвастаться / хвалиться/ чем-л.; make a secret of smth. делать из чего-л. тайну /секрет/; he was asked to help but he made a hash /a muddle, a mess/ of everything его просили помочь, а он все испортил; make hell of smb.'s life превратить чью-л. жизнь в ад; make a note of his telephone number записать номер его телефона; make notes of a lecture записать лекцию; you must make a mental note of what he is saying вы должны запомнить /взять на заметку/, что он говорят; don't make a habit of it смотри, чтобы это не превратилось в привычку; make the most of smth. максимально использовать что-л.; make the best of one's delay (of this scanty information, of his absence, etc.) наилучшим образом /наиболее эффективно/ использовать задержку и т. д.; make a good thing of it извлечь из этого пользу; make good use of this opportunity воспользоваться предоставившейся возможностью; make a good (a bad) job of smth. хорошо (плохо) справиться с чем-л.; make smth. for smb., smth. make a name for oneself стать известным; make a reputation for oneself создать себе репутацию; make allowance (s) for circumstances (for smb.'s inexperience, for her age, etc.) делать скидку на обстоятельства и т. д.; make arrangements for a meeting (for a party, for a dance, for their departure, etc.) подготовить собрание и т. д., make much for the peace of the world много сделать для сохранения мира; make smb., smth. with smb. make friends with smb. подружиться с кем-л., наладить с кем-л. дружеские отношения; а quarrel with smb. поссориться с кем-л.; make peace with smb. помириться с кем-л.; make smth. in (on, etc.) smth., smb. make a name in the world снискать мировую славу, приобрести известность во всем мире; make an impression on smb. производить на кого-л. впечатление; make war upon smb., smth. a) идти войной на кого-л., что-л.; б) вести войну с кем-л., чем-л. || make love to smb. а) ласкать кого-л., заниматься любовью с кем-л., б) ухаживать за кем-л.; говорить кому-л. ласковые слова
    3) make smb. of smb. his parents want to make a doctor (a lawyer, a soldier, an actor, etc.) of their son родители хотят, чтобы их сын стал врачом и т. д., make a man of him сделать из него человека; make a friend of her children подружиться с ее детьми; make a friend of an enemy превратить врага в друга; make smb. into smb. make them into slaves (him into a bully, her into a sophisticated hostess, etc.) превратить их в /сделать из них/ рабов и т. д.
    4) make smth. over smth. make a fuss (a row, a scandal, etc.) over smth. поднимать шум и т. д. по какому-л. поводу; make a to-do over a trifle поднимать шумиху из-за пустяка
    5) make smth. for smth. make a dash for the open window (a bolt for the door, a bee-line for the gates, etc.) броситься к открытому окну и т. д., make smth. to smth. make one's way to the station (to the river, to the house, back to the tower, etc.) пойти /направиться/ к станции и т. д., make smth. by smth. make the crossing by ferry переправиться на пароме; make smth. at smb. make a grab at him попытаться схватить его || it's time we were making tracks for home нам уже пора повернуть к дому
    6) make some distance in some time we made the whole distance in ten days мы прошли весь путь /покрыли все расстояние/ за десять дней; we've made 80 miles since noon с полудня мы проделали восемьдесят миль
    7) make smth. in some time the train will make Moscow in five hours поезд будет в Москве через пять часов
    8) make smth. at /in/ smth. make good grades at school получать [в школе] хорошие отметки, хорошо учиться; make the highest score in the match получать в этом матче больше всех очков /самый лучший результат/; make one's way in the world преуспеть, добиться успеха || coll. he'll make it through college ему удастся окончить колледж; he made six towns on this trip во время этой поездки он посетил шесть городов /побывал в шести городах/
    9) make smth. by (out of, from, in, etc.) smth. make a good deal by it хорошо на этом заработать; make much profit out of this undertaking извлекать большую выгоду из этого предприятия; he made a great fortune out of tea он составил большое состояние на торговле чаем; make a great deal of money in oil много заработать на нефти; make a living from literary work зарабатывать [на жизнь] литературным трудом; make a loss on the transaction потерпеть /понести/ убытки на этой сделке
    10) make smth. of smth., smb. read this letter and tell me what you make of it прочтите это письмо и скажите, как вы его расцениваете; what do you make of the new assistant? какое у тебя впечатление /что ты думаешь/ о новом помощнике?; make much of this article ( of her work, of this man, etc.) быть высокого мнения об этой статье и т. д., newspapers made much of his achievements газеты превозносили его успехи; she makes too much of the boy уж слишком она носится с этим мальчиком; make little of smth., smb. относиться пренебрежительно к чему-л., кому-л., не считаться с чем-л., кем-л.; he made little of his feat он принижал значение своего героического поступка
    11) make smth. of smth. I could make nothing of his words (of all this scribble, of her letter, etc.) я ничего не мог понять из его слов и т. д., его слова были мне совершенно непонятны и т. д., you will make more of it than I вы в этом лучше разберетесь [, чем я]; I can make no sense of what he says я не вижу никакого смысла в том, что он говорит; what are we to make of his behaviour? как нам следует /нам прикажете/ понимать его поведение?
    12) make smth. with smb. they made a bargain with him они заключили с ним сделку || make a settlement on smb. распорядиться имуществом в пользу кого-л.
    13) semiaux make smth. for smb. make room for smb. [подвинуться и] дать кому-л. место; can you make room for one more man? найдется место еще для одного человека?; make way for others посторониться, дать дорогу другим; make smth. at smb. he made a face at them он состроил им рожу; don't make eyes at him не строй ему глазки
    14) 0 make smth. in some time he will make a sergeant in six months через шесть месяцев он станет сержантом
    15. XXII
    1) make smth. of doing smth. make a practice of working in his garden in the morning (of helping others, of doing his exercises in front of an open window, etc.) взять за правило по утрам работать в его саду и т. д.; he makes a practice of cheating он всегда обманывает; make a point of being on time у него принцип make не опаздывать /быть пунктуальным/; she made it a point of being very patient with these children она особенно старалась быть терпеливой с этими детьми
    2) make smth. by doing smth. make one's living by giving piano lessons (by writing books for children, by selling flowers, etc.) зарабатывать на жизнь уроками игры на фортепиано и т. д.; she makes money by nursing она зарабатывает деньги, ухаживая за больными; she made her name by writing memoirs она прославилась своими мемуарами
    16. XXIV1
    || make it as smb. coll. добиться успеха, будучи кем-л.; I wanted to make it as a writer мне хотелось добиться успеха на писательском поприще
    17. XXVI
    make smth. [that]... this makes the fifth time you've failed this examination ты уже [в] пятый раз проваливаешься на этом экзамене

    English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > make

  • 16 as

    1. adverb in main sentence
    (in same degree)

    as... [as...] — so... [wie...]

    they did as much as they could — sie taten, was sie konnten

    as good a player [as he] — ein so guter Spieler [wie er]

    2. relative adverb or conjunction in subordinate clause
    1) (expr. degree)

    [as or so]... as... — [so...] wie...

    as quickly as possible — so schnell wie möglich

    as... as you can — so...[, wie] Sie können

    come as quickly as you can — kommen Sie, so schnell Sie können

    2) (though)

    ... as he etc. is/was — obwohl er usw.... ist/war

    intelligent as she is,... — obwohl sie ziemlich intelligent ist,...

    safe as it might be,... — obwohl es vielleicht ungefährlich ist,...

    3) (however much)

    try as he might/would, he could not concentrate — sosehr er sich auch bemühte, er konnte sich nicht konzentrieren

    4) (expr. manner) wie

    as it were — sozusagen; gewissermaßen

    5) (expr. time) als; während

    as we climbed the stairs — als wir die Treppe hinaufgingen

    6) (expr. reason) da
    7) (expr. result)

    so... as to... — so... zu

    8) (expr. purpose)

    so as to... — um... zu...

    9) (expr. illustration) wie [zum Beispiel]

    industrial areas, as the north-east of England for example — Industriegebiete wie zum Beispiel der Nordosten Englands

    3. preposition
    1) (in the function of) als

    speaking as a parent,... — als Mutter/Vater...

    2) (like) wie
    4. relative pronoun

    they danced, as was the custom there — sie tanzten, wie es dort Sitte war

    he was shocked, as were we all — er war wie wir alle schockiert

    the same as... — der-/die-/dasselbe wie...

    they enjoy such foreign foods as... — sie essen gern ausländische Lebensmittel wie...

    5.

    as far — see academic.ru/26446/far">far 1. 4)

    as for... — was... angeht

    as from... — von... an

    as is — wie die Dinge liegen; wie es aussieht

    the place is untidy enough as it is — es ist schon liederlich genug[, wie es jetzt ist]

    as of... — (Amer.) von... an

    as to — hinsichtlich (+ Gen.)

    as yet — bis jetzt

    * * *
    [æz] 1. conjunction
    1) (when; while: I met John as I was coming home; We'll be able to talk as we go.) während
    2) (because: As I am leaving tomorrow, I've bought you a present.) weil
    3) (in the same way that: If you are not sure how to behave, do as I do.) so wie
    4) (used to introduce a statement of what the speaker knows or believes to be the case: As you know, I'll be leaving tomorrow.) wie
    5) (though: Old as I am, I can still fight; Much as I want to, I cannot go.) obgleich
    6) (used to refer to something which has already been stated and apply it to another person: Tom is English, as are Dick and Harry.) so wie
    2. adverb
    (used in comparisons, eg the first as in the following example: The bread was as hard as a brick.) so...wie
    3. preposition
    1) (used in comparisons, eg the second as in the following example: The bread was as hard as a brick.) so...wie
    2) (like: He was dressed as a woman.) wie
    3) (with certain verbs eg regard, treat, describe, accept: I am regarded by some people as a bit of a fool; He treats the children as adults.) wie
    4) (in the position of: He is greatly respected both as a person and as a politician.) als
    •
    - as for
    - as if / as though
    - as to
    * * *
    as
    [æz, əz]
    I. conj
    1. (while) als
    she sat watching him \as he cooked the dinner sie saß da und schaute ihm dabei zu, wie er das Abendessen kochte
    he gets more and more attractive \as he gets older er wird mit zunehmendem Alter immer attraktiver
    \as I was getting into the car, I noticed a piece of paper on the seat beim Einsteigen bemerkte ich ein Stück Papier auf dem Autositz
    2. (in the way that, like) wie
    knowing him \as I do, he won't do it wie ich ihn kenne, wird er es nicht tun
    \as is often the case with children,... wie das bei Kindern oft ist,...
    she is an actor, \as is her brother sie ist Schauspielerin, wie ihr Bruder
    all merchandise is sold \as is esp AM alle Waren werden verkauft, wie sie sind
    do \as I say! mach, was ich sage!
    ..., \as my mother puts it ( hum)..., wie meine Mutter [immer] zu sagen pflegt
    I'd never seen him looking so miserable \as he did that day ich habe ihn noch nie so traurig gesehen wie an dem Tag
    \as things happened [or stood] [or turned out],... wie sich zeigte,...
    \as it is [or stands],..., \as things are [or stand],... [so] wie die Dinge stehen,...
    \as it stood at the time,... so wie die Dinge damals standen,...
    exactly \as genauso wie
    just \as so wie
    \as it is (already) sowieso schon
    I've spent far too much money \as it is ich habe sowieso schon zu viel Geld ausgegeben
    \as it were sozusagen
    he's a little on the large side, \as it were er ist, sagen wir [ein]mal, ein bisschen groß geraten
    \as it happens rein zufällig
    \as it happens, I met him this morning rein zufällig [o wie der Zufall will], habe ich ihn heute Morgen getroffen
    \as you like [or prefer] [or wish] ( form) wie Sie wünschen
    \as if [or though] als ob
    she looked at me \as if she didn't understand a word sie schaute mich als, als würde sie kein Wort verstehen
    it isn't \as if she wasn't warned es ist ja nicht so, dass sie nicht gewarnt worden wäre, schließlich war sie ja gewarnt
    \as if I care[d]! als ob mich das interessieren würde!
    3. (because) weil, da geh
    \as you were out, I left a message weil du nicht da warst, habe ich eine Nachricht hinterlassen
    he may need some help \as he's new er braucht vielleicht Hilfe, weil er neu ist
    4. (used to add a comment) wie
    \as already mentioned,... wie bereits erwähnt,...
    \as you know,... wie du weißt,...
    she smiled and I smiled back, \as you do sie lächelte und ich lächelte zurück, du weißt schon
    \as if! ( iron) wohl kaum!, das denkst du aber auch nur! iron
    such riches \as he has, he is still not happy so reich er auch ist, glücklich ist er noch immer nicht
    angry \as he was,... so verärgert er auch war,...
    sweet \as he is,... so süß er auch ist,...
    try \as he might,... so sehr er es auch versucht,...
    6.
    ▶ \as for... was... betrifft
    he wasn't thrilled, \as for me, I thought it a good idea er war nicht begeistert, ich dagegen hielt es für eine gute Idee
    ▶ \as from [or of] ab
    \as from [or of] her 18th birthday, she is free to use the money nach der Vollendung des 18. Lebensjahres kann sie frei über das Geld verfügen
    \as of [or from] tomorrow/the first/next Monday ab morgen/dem Ersten/nächsten [o nächstem] Monat
    \as of [or from] now/today von jetzt/heute an, ab jetzt/heute
    ▶ \as to... was... angeht
    \as to her manual skills, we'll have to work on them was ihre handwerklichen Fähigkeiten angeht, daran müssen wir noch arbeiten
    \as to where we'll get the money from, we'll talk about that later wir müssen später noch besprechen, wo wir das Geld hernehmen
    he was uncertain \as to which road to take er war sich nicht sicher, welche Straße er nehmen sollte
    ▶ \as and when BRIT sobald
    you can revise them \as and when I send them to you du kannst sie redigieren, sobald ich sie dir schicke
    II. prep
    1. (in the past, being) als
    he was often ill \as a child als Kind war er oft krank
    2. (in the capacity, function of) als
    she was praised \as an actress, but less so \as a director als Schauspielerin wurde sie sehr gelobt, aber als Regisseurin weitaus weniger
    speaking \as a mother, I cannot accept that als Mutter kann ich das nicht akzeptieren
    what do you think of his book \as a basis for a film? was hältst du von seinem Buch als Grundlage für einen Film?
    3. (like, being) als
    he went to the fancy-dress party dressed \as a banana er kam als Banane verkleidet zum Kostümfest
    the news came \as no surprise die Nachricht war keine Überraschung
    use your coat \as a blanket nimm deinen Mantel als Decke
    such big names \as... so große Namen wie...
    such agricultural states \as Kansas and Oklahoma Agrarstaaten wie Kansas und Oklahoma
    the necklace was reported \as having been stolen die Kette war als gestohlen gemeldet
    I always thought of myself \as a good mother ich habe mich immer für eine gute Mutter gehalten
    do you regard punishment \as being essential in education? hältst du Strafen für unerlässlich in der Erziehung?
    \as a matter of principle aus Prinzip
    III. adv inv
    they live in the same town \as my parents sie wohnen in derselben Stadt wie meine Eltern
    ▪ [just] \as... \as... [genau]so... wie...
    he's \as tall \as Peter er ist so groß wie Peter
    I can run just \as fast \as you ich kann genauso schnell laufen wie du
    half \as... \as... halb so... wie...
    she's not half \as self-confident \as people think sie ist bei Weitem nicht so selbstbewusst, wie alle denken
    \as much \as so viel wie
    I don't earn \as much \as Paul ich verdiene nicht so viel wie Paul
    twice/three times \as much [\as] zweimal/dreimal so viel [wie]
    \as usual wie gewöhnlich
    you're late, \as usual du bist wie immer zu spät
    \as... \as that so...
    if you play \as well \as that,... wenn du so gut spielst,...
    he's not \as handsome \as that! so gut sieht er nun auch wieder nicht aus!
    2. (indicating an extreme)
    these sunflowers can grow \as tall \as 8 ft diese Sonnenblumen können bis zu 8 Fuß hoch werden
    \as many/much \as immerhin; (even) sogar
    the decision could affect \as many \as 2 million people die Entscheidung könnte immerhin 2 Millionen Menschen betreffen
    prices have risen by \as much \as 50% die Preise sind um ganze [o beachtliche] 50 % gestiegen
    \as little \as nur
    you can pick up a second-hand machine for \as little \as £20 ein gebrauchtes Gerät kriegt man schon für 20 Pfund
    * * *
    [z, əz]
    1. conj
    1) (= when, while) als; (two parallel actions) während, als, indem (geh)

    he got deafer as he got older —

    as a child he would... — als Kind hat er immer...

    2) (= since) da
    3)

    (= although) rich as he is I won't marry him — obwohl er reich ist, werde ich ihn nicht heiraten

    stupid as he is, he... — so dumm er auch sein mag,... er

    big as he is I'll... — so groß, wie er ist, ich...

    much as I admire her,... — sosehr ich sie auch bewundere,...

    try as he might — sosehr er sich auch bemüht/bemühte

    4) (manner) wie

    do as you like — machen Sie, was Sie wollen

    the first door as you go upstairs/as you go in — die erste Tür oben/, wenn Sie hereinkommen

    knowing him as I do —

    as you yourself said... — wie Sie selbst gesagt haben...

    as it is, I'm heavily in debt — ich bin schon tief verschuldet

    as it were — sozusagen, gleichsam

    as you were! (Mil) — weitermachen!; (fig) lassen Sie sich nicht stören; (in dictation, speaking) streichen Sie das

    my husband as was (inf) — mein verflossener or (late) verstorbener Mann

    5)

    (phrases) as if or though — als ob, wie wenn

    he rose as if to go — er erhob sich, als wollte er gehen

    as for him/you — (und) was ihn/dich anbetrifft or angeht

    as from or of the 5th — vom Fünften an, ab dem Fünften

    as from now — von jetzt an, ab jetzt

    be so good as to... (form) — hätten Sie die Freundlichkeit or Güte,... zu... (form)

    he's not so silly as to do that — er ist nicht so dumm, das zu tun, so dumm ist er nicht

    2. adv

    as... as — so... wie

    not as... as — nicht so... wie

    is it as difficult as that? —

    she is very clever, as is her brother — sie ist sehr intelligent, genau(so) wie ihr Bruder

    as many/much as I could — so viele/so viel ich (nur) konnte

    this one is just as good — diese(r, s) ist genauso gut

    as often happens, he was... — wie so oft, war er...

    3. rel pron
    1) (with same, such) der/die/das; (pl) die

    the same man as was here yesterday — derselbe Mann, der gestern hier war

    See:
    → such
    2) (dial) der/die/das; (pl) die
    4. prep
    1) (= in the capacity of) als
    2) (esp = such as) wie (zum Beispiel)
    * * *
    as [æz; unbetont əz; z]
    A adv
    1. so, ebenso, geradeso:
    I ran as fast as I could ich lief so schnell ich konnte;
    just as good ebenso gut;
    twice as large zweimal so groß
    2. wie (zum Beispiel):
    statesmen, as Churchill
    B konj
    1. (gerade) wie, so wie:
    as often as they wish sooft (wie) sie wünschen;
    as you wish wie Sie wünschen;
    as is the case wie es der Fall ist;
    a) (so) wie die Dinge liegen,
    b) schon;
    as and when wann immer;
    (as) soft as butter butterweich;
    as requested wunschgemäß;
    as I said before wie ich vorher oder schon sagte;
    as was their habit wie es ihre Gewohnheit war
    2. ebenso wie, genauso wie:
    then as now damals wie jetzt;
    you will reap as you sow wie man sät, so erntet man
    3. als, während, indem:
    as he entered als er eintrat, bei seinem Eintritt
    4. obwohl, obgleich, wenn auch, wie sehr, sosehr, wie:
    late as he was, he attended the session trotz seiner Verspätung nahm er noch an der Sitzung teil;
    old as I am so alt wie ich bin;
    try as he would sosehr er sich auch mühte;
    improbable as it seems so unwahrscheinlich es auch scheint
    5. da, weil:
    as you are sorry I’ll forgive you
    6. (als oder so) dass:
    so clearly guilty as to leave no doubt so offensichtlich schuldig, dass kein Zweifel bleibt
    C pron
    1. der, die, das, welch(er, e, es) ( nach such oder same):
    such as need our help diejenigen, welche unsere Hilfe brauchen;
    the same man as was here yesterday derselbe Mann, der gestern hier war
    2. was, welche Tatsache, wie:
    his health is not good, as he himself admits seine Gesundheit lässt zu wünschen übrig, was oder wie er selbst zugibt
    D präp als:
    he is as a father to me er ist zu mir wie ein VaterBesondere Redewendungen: as … as (eben)so … wie;
    as sweet as can be so süß wie nur möglich;
    as cheap as fifty pence the bottle für nur fünfzig Pence die Flasche;
    as recently as last week erst letzte Woche;
    as far as can be ascertained soweit es sich feststellen lässt;
    as at an oder WIRTSCH zu (einem Zeitpunkt);
    as from von einem Zeitpunkt an, ab (1. April etc);
    as is im gegenwärtigen Zustand;
    the car was sold as is der Wagen wurde, so wie er war, verkauft;
    as it were sozusagen, gewissermaßen, gleichsam;
    as of von einem Zeitpunkt an, ab (1. April etc);
    a) was … (an)betrifft, im Hinblick auf (akk),
    b) nach, gemäß (dat);
    as to this question was diese Frage betrifft;
    he is taxed as to his earnings er wird nach seinem Verdienst besteuert;
    as you were!
    a) MIL Kommando zurück!,
    b) allg alles zurück!; → against A 8, far Bes Redew, follow C 1, for A 23, good C 2, if1 A 1, invoice A, kind2 1, long1 B 1, much Bes Redew, per 3, though A 4, usual A, well1 A 12, yet A 1
    * * *
    1. adverb in main sentence

    as... [as...] — so... [wie...]

    they did as much as they could — sie taten, was sie konnten

    as good a player [as he] — ein so guter Spieler [wie er]

    2. relative adverb or conjunction in subordinate clause
    1) (expr. degree)

    [as or so]... as... — [so...] wie...

    as... as you can — so...[, wie] Sie können

    come as quickly as you can — kommen Sie, so schnell Sie können

    ... as he etc. is/was — obwohl er usw.... ist/war

    intelligent as she is,... — obwohl sie ziemlich intelligent ist,...

    safe as it might be,... — obwohl es vielleicht ungefährlich ist,...

    try as he might/would, he could not concentrate — sosehr er sich auch bemühte, er konnte sich nicht konzentrieren

    4) (expr. manner) wie

    as it were — sozusagen; gewissermaßen

    5) (expr. time) als; während
    6) (expr. reason) da
    7) (expr. result)

    so... as to... — so... zu

    8) (expr. purpose)

    so as to... — um... zu...

    9) (expr. illustration) wie [zum Beispiel]

    industrial areas, as the north-east of England for example — Industriegebiete wie zum Beispiel der Nordosten Englands

    3. preposition

    speaking as a parent,... — als Mutter/Vater...

    2) (like) wie
    4. relative pronoun

    they danced, as was the custom there — sie tanzten, wie es dort Sitte war

    he was shocked, as were we all — er war wie wir alle schockiert

    the same as... — der-/die-/dasselbe wie...

    they enjoy such foreign foods as... — sie essen gern ausländische Lebensmittel wie...

    5.

    as far — see far 1. 4)

    as for... — was... angeht

    as from... — von... an

    as is — wie die Dinge liegen; wie es aussieht

    the place is untidy enough as it is — es ist schon liederlich genug[, wie es jetzt ist]

    as of... — (Amer.) von... an

    as to — hinsichtlich (+ Gen.)

    * * *
    adv.
    als adv.
    da adv.
    ebenso/allso adv.
    indem (zeitlich) adv.
    obgleich konj.
    so adv.
    weil adv.
    wie adv.
    während adv.

    English-german dictionary > as

  • 17 for

    1. preposition
    1) (representing, on behalf of, in exchange against) für; (in place of) für; anstelle von

    what is the German for "buzz"? — wie heißt "buzz" auf Deutsch?

    2) (in defence, support, or favour of) für

    be for doing something — dafür sein, etwas zu tun

    it's each [man] or every man for himself — jeder ist auf sich selbst gestellt

    3) (to the benefit of) für
    4) (with a view to) für; (conducive[ly] to) zu

    they invited me for Christmas/Monday/supper — sie haben mich zu Weihnachten/für Montag/zum Abendessen eingeladen

    what is it for? — wofür/wozu ist das?

    5) (being the motive of) für; (having as purpose) zu

    take somebody for a ride in the car/a walk — jemanden im Auto spazieren fahren/mit jemandem einen Spaziergang machen

    work for a living — für den Lebensunterhalt arbeiten

    run/jump etc. for it — loslaufen/-springen usw.

    7) (to reach) nach

    set out for England/the north/an island — nach England/Norden/zu einer Insel aufbrechen

    8) (to be received by) für

    that's Jim for you — das sieht Jim mal wieder ähnlich

    be dressed/ready for dinner — zum Dinner angezogen/fertig sein

    have something for breakfast/pudding — etwas zum Frühstück/Nachtisch haben

    enough... for — genug... für

    too... for — zu... für

    there is nothing for it but to do something — es gibt keine andere Möglichkeit, als etwas zu tun

    10) (to the amount of)

    cheque/ bill for £5 — Scheck/Rechnung über od. in Höhe von 5 Pfund

    things don't look very promising for the business — was die Geschäfte angeht, sieht das alles nicht sehr vielversprechend aus

    it is wise/advisable for somebody to do something — es ist vernünftig/ratsam, dass jemand etwas tut

    it's hopeless for me to try and explain the system — es ist sinnlos, dir das System erklären zu wollen

    12) (as being) für

    I/you etc. for one — ich/ du usw. für mein[en]/dein[en] usw. Teil

    famous/well-known for something — berühmt/ bekannt wegen od. für etwas

    jump/ shout for joy — vor Freude in die Luft springen/schreien

    were it not for you/ your help, I should not be able to do it — ohne dich/deine Hilfe wäre ich nicht dazu in der Lage

    for all... — trotz...

    for all that,... — trotzdem...

    16) (on account of the hindrance of) vor (+ Dat.)

    for fear of... — aus Angst vor (+ Dat.)

    but for..., except for... — wenn nicht... gewesen wäre, [dann]...

    17) (so far as concerns)

    for all I know/care... — möglicherweise/was mich betrifft,...

    for one thing,... — zunächst einmal...

    18) (considering the usual nature of) für
    19) (during) seit

    we've/we haven't been here for three years — wir sind seit drei Jahren hier/nicht mehr hier gewesen

    we waited for hours/three hours — wir warteten stundenlang/drei Stunden lang

    sit here for now or for the moment — bleiben Sie im Augenblick hier sitzen

    20) (to the extent of)

    walk for 20 miles/for another 20 miles — 20 Meilen [weit] gehen/weiter gehen

    21)

    be for it — (coll.) dran sein (ugs.); sich auf was gefasst machen können (ugs.)

    2. conjunction
    (since, as proof) denn
    * * *
    [fo:] 1. preposition
    1) (to be given or sent to: This letter is for you.) für
    2) (towards; in the direction of: We set off for London.) nach
    3) (through a certain time or distance: for three hours; for three miles.) für
    4) (in order to have, get, be etc: He asked me for some money; Go for a walk.) nach
    5) (in return; as payment: He paid $2 for his ticket.) für
    6) (in order to be prepared: He's getting ready for the journey.) für
    7) (representing: He is the member of parliament for Hull.) für
    8) (on behalf of: Will you do it for me?)
    9) (in favour of: Are you for or against the plan?) dafür
    10) (because of: for this reason.) wegen, aus
    11) (having a particular purpose: She gave me money for the bus fare.) für
    12) (indicating an ability or an attitude to: a talent for baking; an ear for music.) für
    13) (as being: They mistook him for someone else.) für
    14) (considering what is used in the case of: It is quite warm for January (= considering that it is January when it is usually cold).) für
    15) (in spite of: For all his money, he didn't seem happy.) trotz
    2. conjunction
    (because: It must be late, for I have been here a long time.) denn
    * * *
    [fɔ:ʳ, fəʳ, AM fɔ:r, fɚ]
    I. conj ( liter or dated) denn
    II. prep
    1. (intended to be given to) für + akk
    I bought a new collar \for my dog ich habe ein neues Halsband für meinen Hund gekauft
    this is a birthday present \for you hier ist ein Geburtstagsgeschenk für dich
    there are government subsidies available \for farmers für Bauern gibt es Zuschüsse vom Staat
    to vote \for sb/sth für jdn/etw stimmen
    they voted \for independence in a referendum sie haben sich in einem Referendum für die Unabhängigkeit ausgesprochen
    ▪ to be \for sb/sth für jdn/etw sein
    his followers are still \for him seine Anhänger unterstützen ihn noch immer
    to be \for a good cause für einen guten Zweck sein
    to be all \for sth ganz für etw akk sein
    to be \for doing sth dafür sein, dass etw getan wird
    are you \for banning smoking in public places? sind Sie dafür, das Rauchen in der Öffentlichkeit zu verbieten?
    3. (regarding sb) für + akk
    I'm happy \for you that it finally worked out ich freue mich für dich, dass es endlich geklappt hat
    you're not making it easy \for me to tell you the truth du machst es mir nicht gerade einfach, dir die Wahrheit zu sagen
    the coffee was too strong \for me der Kaffee war mir zu stark
    luckily \for me, I already had another job zu meinem Glück hatte ich bereits eine andere Stelle
    the admiration she felt \for him soon died ihre Bewunderung für ihn war schnell verflogen
    is this seat high enough \for you? ist Ihnen dieser Sitz hoch genug?
    I feel sorry \for her sie tut mir leid
    to feel nothing but contempt \for sb/sth nichts als Verachtung für jdn/etw empfinden
    ▪ to be concerned \for sb/sth um jdn/etw besorgt sein
    to feel \for sb mit jdm fühlen
    as \for me was mich betrifft [o angeht]
    Jackie's already left and, as \for me, I'm going at the end of the month Jackie ist schon weg, und was mich angeht, ich gehe Ende des Monats
    4. (regarding sth) für + akk
    how are you doing \for money? wie sieht es bei dir mit dem Geld aus?
    \for my part was mich betrifft
    \for all I know möglicherweise
    \for all I know, he could have left the country möglicherweise hat er schon das Land verlassen
    to be responsible \for sth für etw akk verantwortlich sein
    to prepare \for sth sich akk auf etw akk vorbereiten
    5. (comparing) für + akk
    the summer has been quite hot \for England für England war das ein ziemlich heißer Sommer
    ▪ to be too big/fast \for sb/sth zu groß/schnell für jdn/etw sein
    she's very mature \for her age sie ist für ihr Alter schon sehr reif
    the weather is warm \for the time of year für diese Jahreszeit ist das Wetter mild
    he's quite thoughtful \for a child of 8 für einen Achtjährigen ist er ziemlich rücksichtsvoll
    6. (to get, have)
    oh \for something to drink! hätte ich doch bloß etwas zu trinken!
    oh \for a strong black coffee! und jetzt einen starken schwarzen Kaffee!
    he did it \for the fame er tat es, um berühmt zu werden
    even though he's in this \for the money, we still need him auch wenn er es nur wegen des Geldes tut, wir brauchen ihn
    she's eager \for a chance to show that she's a capable worker sie möchte gerne beweisen, dass sie eine fähige Mitarbeiterin ist
    demand \for money Bedarf m an Geld
    to send \for the doctor den Arzt holen
    to apply \for a job sich akk um eine Stelle bewerben
    to have a need \for sth etw brauchen
    to look \for a way to do sth nach einer Möglichkeit suchen, etw zu tun
    to ask \for sth um etw akk bitten
    7. (on behalf of, representing) für + akk
    he's an agent \for models and actors er ist Agent für Models und Schauspieler
    next time you see them, say hi \for me grüß sie von mir, wenn du sie wieder siehst
    the messenger was there \for his boss der Bote war in Vertretung seines Chefs dort
    to do sth \for sb etw für jdn tun
    to do sth \for oneself etw selbst tun
    8. (as ordered by) für + akk
    ▪ to do sth \for sb/sth etw für jdn/etw tun
    they had to do extra work \for their boss sie mussten noch zusätzliche Arbeiten für ihren Chef erledigen
    I have some things to do \for school ich muss noch etwas für die Schule machen
    9. (employed by) bei + dat
    she is a tutor \for the Open University sie ist Tutorin an der Fernuniversität
    to work \for sb/sth bei jdm/etw [o für jdn/etw] arbeiten
    10. (purpose, aim) für + akk
    what's that \for? wofür ist das?
    that's useful \for removing rust damit kann man gut Rost entfernen
    that's not \for eating das ist nicht zum Essen
    a course \for beginners in Russian ein Russischkurs für Anfänger
    \for your information zu Ihrer Information
    \for the record der Ordnung halber
    the spokesman told the press \for the record that the president was in good health der Sprecher sagte der Presse für das Protokoll, der Präsident sei bei guter Gesundheit
    for rent/sale zu vermieten/verkaufen
    bikes \for rent Räder zu vermieten
    to be not \for sale unverkäuflich sein
    to wait \for sb/sth auf jdn/etw warten
    to wait \for sb to do sth darauf warten, dass jd etw tut
    ▪ to do sth \for sth/sb etw für etw/jdn tun
    what did you do that \for? wozu hast du das getan?
    what do you use these enormous scissors \for? wozu brauchst du diese riesige Schere?
    he is taking medication \for his heart condition er nimmt Medikamente für sein Herz
    you need to move closer \for me to hear you du musst ein bisschen näher herkommen, damit ich dich hören kann
    11. (because of) wegen + gen; (out of) aus + dat; (with) vor + dat
    I don't eat meat \for various reasons ich esse aus verschiedenen Gründen kein Fleisch
    I could dance and sing \for joy! ich könnte vor Freude tanzen und singen!
    he apologized \for being late er entschuldigte sich wegen seiner Verspätung
    Bob was looking all the better \for his three weeks in Spain nach seinen drei Wochen Spanien sah Bob viel besser aus
    how are you? — fine, and all the better \for seeing you! wie geht's? — gut, und jetzt wo ich dich sehe, gleich noch viel besser!
    I could not see \for the tears in my eyes ich konnte vor Tränen in den Augen gar nicht sehen
    if it hadn't been \for him, we wouldn't be here right now ( form) ohne ihn wären wir jetzt nicht hier
    \for fear of sth aus Angst vor etw dat
    \for lack of sth aus Mangel an etw dat
    to be arrested \for murder wegen Mordes verhaftet werden
    \for that [or this] reason aus diesem Grund
    to be famous \for sth für etw akk berühmt sein
    to love sb \for sth jdn für etw akk lieben
    she loves him just \for being himself sie liebt ihn einfach dafür, dass er so ist, wie er ist
    12. (as destination) nach + dat
    this train is \for Birmingham dieser Zug fährt nach Birmingham
    he made \for home in a hurry er eilte schnell nach Hause
    just follow signs \for the town centre folgen Sie einfach den Schildern in die Innenstadt
    to go \for sb [with one's fists] [mit den Fäusten] auf jdn losgehen
    to run \for sb/sth zu jdm/etw laufen
    I had to run \for the bus ich musste laufen, um den Bus noch zu kriegen
    13. (meaning)
    to be \for sth für etw akk stehen
    A is \for ‘airlines’ A steht für ‚Airlines‘
    to stand \for sth etw bedeuten, für etw akk stehen
    what does the M.J. stand \for? María José? was bedeutet M.J.? María José?
    what's the Spanish word \for ‘vegetarian’? was heißt ‚Vegetarier‘ auf Spanisch?
    14. (in return, exchange) für + akk
    she paid a high price \for loyalty to her boss sie hat einen hohen Preis für die Loyalität zu ihrem Chef gezahlt
    that's \for cheating on me! das ist dafür, dass du mich betrogen hast!
    how much did you pay \for your glasses? wie viel hast du für deine Brille gezahlt?
    a cheque \for £100 eine Scheck über 100 Pfund
    not \for a million dollars [or \for all the world] um nichts in der Welt
    I wouldn't go out with him \for a million dollars ich würde für kein Geld der Welt mit ihm ausgehen
    to do sth \for nothing etw umsonst machen
    to buy/sell sth \for 100 euro/a lot of money etw für 100 Euro/viel Geld kaufen/verkaufen
    you can buy a bestseller \for about £6 Sie bekommen einen Bestseller schon für 6 Pfund
    to trade sth \for sth etw gegen etw akk [ein]tauschen
    15. (with a period of time) für + akk; (ongoing) seit + dat
    I'm just going to sleep \for half an hour ich lege mich mal eine halbe Stunde schlafen
    he was jailed \for twelve years er musste für zwölf Jahre ins Gefängnis
    my father has been smoking \for 10 years mein Vater raucht seit 10 Jahren
    \for the next two days in den beiden nächsten Tagen
    \for a bit/while ein bisschen/eine Weile
    play here \for a while! spiel doch mal ein bisschen hier!
    I'm just going out \for a while ich gehe mal kurz raus fam
    \for eternity/ever bis in alle Ewigkeit
    this pact is \for ever dieser Pakt gilt für immer und ewig
    \for the moment im Augenblick
    \for a time eine Zeit lang
    \for a long time seit Langem
    I hadn't seen him \for such a long time that I didn't recognize him ich hatte ihn schon so lange nicht mehr gesehen, dass ich ihn nicht erkannte
    \for some time seit Längerem
    \for the time being für den Augenblick, vorübergehend
    16. (a distance of)
    \for a kilometre/mile einen Kilometer/eine Meile
    he always jogs \for 5 kilometres before breakfast er joggt immer 5 Kilometer vor dem Frühstück
    17. (at a certain date, time, occasion) für + akk
    he booked a table at the restaurant \for nine o'clock er reservierte in dem Restaurant einen Tisch für neun Uhr
    they set their wedding date \for September 15 sie setzten ihre Hochzeit für den 15. September fest
    I need some money \for tonight ich brauche etwas Geld für heute Abend
    what did you buy him \for Christmas? was hast du ihm zu Weihnachten gekauft?
    he arrived at 8.00 \for dinner at 8.30 er kam um acht zu dem für halb neun verabredeten Abendessen
    to invite sb \for dinner/lunch jdn zum Abendessen/Mittagessen einladen
    \for the first time zum ersten Mal
    \for the [very] last time zum [aller]letzten Mal
    \for the first/second time running im ersten/zweiten Durchlauf
    18. (despite) trotz + gen
    , ungeachtet +gen geh
    \for all that trotz alledem
    \for all his effort, the experiment was a failure das Experiment war trotz all seiner Anstrengungen ein Fehlschlag
    19. (per) für + akk
    there is one teacher \for every 25 students in our school in unserer Schule kommt auf 25 Schüler ein Lehrer
    \for every cigarette you smoke, you take off one day of your life mit jeder Zigarette, die du rauchst, verkürzt sich dein Leben um einen Tag
    to repeat sth word \for word etw Wort für Wort wiederholen
    20. (the duty of)
    ▪ to [not] be \for sb to do sth [nicht] jds Sache sein, etw zu tun
    it's not \for me to tell her what to do es ist nicht meine Aufgabe, ihr vorzuschreiben, was sie zu tun hat
    the decision is not \for him to make die Entscheidung liegt nicht bei ihm
    21. (as) für + akk
    she thought it \for a lie but didn't say anything sie hielt es für gelogen, sagte aber nichts
    I \for one am sick of this bickering ich für meinen Teil habe genug von diesem Gezänk
    22.
    ▶ \for Africa SA ( fam) Unmengen + gen
    I've got homework \for Africa ich habe noch jede Menge Hausaufgaben fam
    ▶ to be [in] \for it ( fam) Schwierigkeiten bekommen
    you're in \for it! jetzt bist du dran! fam
    ▶ \for crying out loud um Himmels willen
    ▶ an eye \for an eye Auge um Auge
    ▶ that's Jane/Mark/etc. \for you so ist Jane/Mark/etc. eben!, das sieht Jane/Mark/etc. mal wieder ähnlich!, das ist wieder mal typisch für Jane/Mark/etc.!
    that's children \for you! so sind Kinder eben!
    ▶ that's/there's sth \for you ( pej)
    there's gratitude \for you! und so was nennt sich Dankbarkeit! fam
    there's manners \for you! das sind [mir] ja schöne Manieren! iron fam
    * * *
    I [fɔː(r)]
    1. prep
    1) (intention) für; (purpose) zu, für; (destination) nach

    clothes for children — Kleidung f für Kinder, Kinderkleidung f

    what for? — wofür?, wozu?

    what did you do that for? —

    a room for working in/sewing — ein Zimmer zum Arbeiten/Nähen

    a bag for carrying books (in) — eine Tasche, um Bücher zu tragen

    fit for nothing —

    ready for anything —

    this will do for a hammer — das kann man als Hammer nehmen

    to leave for the USA — in die USA or nach Amerika abreisen

    he swam for the shore — er schwamm auf die Küste zu, er schwamm in Richtung Küste

    2)

    (indicating suitability) it's not for you to ask questions — Sie haben kein Recht, Fragen zu stellen

    it's not for me to say — es steht mir nicht zu, mich dazu zu äußern

    3)

    (= representing, instead of) I'll speak to her for you if you like —

    I need someone to make up my mind for me — ich brauche jemanden, der die Entscheidung für mich trifft

    she works for a bank (in the bank) — sie arbeitet bei or in einer Bank; (outside the bank) sie arbeitet für eine Bank

    4) (= in defence, in favour of) für

    I'm all for it — ich bin ganz or sehr dafür

    I'm all for helping him —

    5)

    (= with regard to) anxious for sb — um jdn besorgt

    as for him/that — was ihn/das betrifft

    warm/cold for the time of year — warm/kalt für die Jahreszeit

    6) (= because of) aus

    he did it for fear of being left — er tat es aus Angst, zurückgelassen zu werden

    he is famous for his jokes/his big nose — er ist für seine Witze bekannt/wegen seiner großen Nase berühmt

    do it for me — tu es für mich

    7) (= in spite of) trotz (+gen or (inf) +dat)

    for all that, you should have warned me — Sie hätten mich trotz allem warnen sollen

    8) (= in exchange) für

    to pay four euros for a ticket — vier Euro für eine Fahrkarte zahlen

    he'll do it for ten pounds —

    9)

    (= in contrast) for every job that is created, two are lost — für jede Stelle, die neu geschaffen wird, gehen zwei verloren

    10) (in time) seit; (with future tense) für

    I had/have known her for years — ich kannte/kenne sie schon seit Jahren

    he won't be back for a week — er wird erst in einer Woche zurück sein

    can you get it done for Monday/this time next week? — können Sie es bis or für Montag/bis in einer Woche fertig haben?

    for a while/time — (für) eine Weile/einige Zeit

    11)

    (distance) the road is lined with trees for two miles — die Straße ist auf or über zwei Meilen mit Bäumen gesäumt

    12)

    (with verbs) to pray for peace — für den or um Frieden beten

    See:
    → vbs
    13) (after n: indicating liking, aptitude etc) für

    his knack for saying the wrong thing — sein Talent, das Falsche zu sagen

    14)

    (with infin clauses) for this to be possible — damit dies möglich wird

    it's easy for him to do it — für ihn ist es leicht, das zu tun, er kann das leicht tun

    I brought it for you to see — ich habe es mitgebracht, damit Sie es sich (dat) ansehen können

    the best thing would be for you to leave — das Beste wäre, wenn Sie weggingen

    their one hope is for him to return — ihre einzige Hoffnung ist, dass er zurückkommt

    15)

    (phrases) to do sth for oneself — etw alleine tun

    2. conj
    denn
    3. adj pred
    (= in favour) dafür

    17 were for, 13 against — 17 waren dafür, 13 dagegen

    II abbr frei Bahn
    * * *
    for [fɔː(r); unbetont fə(r)]
    A präp
    1. allg für:
    it was very awkward for her es war sehr peinlich für sie, es war ihr sehr unangenehm;
    he spoilt their holidays (bes US vacation) for them er verdarb ihnen den ganzen Urlaub;
    she brought a letter for me to sign sie brachte mir einen Brief zur Unterschrift
    2. für, zugunsten von:
    a gift for him ein Geschenk für ihn;
    this letter is for me dieser Brief ist an mich;
    for and against für und wider; → academic.ru/69264/speak_for">speak for 1
    3. für, (mit der Absicht) zu, um (… willen):
    apply for the post sich um die Stellung bewerben;
    die for a cause für eine Sache sterben;
    come for dinner zum Essen kommen
    4. (Wunsch, Ziel) nach, auf (akk):
    a claim for sth ein Anspruch auf eine Sache;
    the desire for sth der Wunsch oder das Verlangen nach etwas;
    call for sb nach jemandem rufen;
    wait for sth auf etwas warten;
    oh, for a car! ach, hätte ich doch nur ein Auto!
    b) (bestimmt) für oder zu:
    tools for cutting Werkzeuge zum Schneiden, Schneidewerkzeuge;
    the right man for the job der richtige Mann für diesen Posten
    6. (Mittel) gegen:
    treat sb for cancer jemanden gegen oder auf Krebs behandeln;
    there is nothing for it but to give in es bleibt nichts (anderes) übrig, als nachzugeben
    8. (als Entgelt) für, gegen, um:
    I sold it for £10 ich verkaufte es für 10 Pfund
    9. (im Tausch) für, gegen:
    10. (Betrag, Menge) über (akk):
    a postal order for £2
    11. (Grund) aus, vor (dat), wegen:
    for this reason aus diesem Grund;
    die for grief aus oder vor Gram sterben;
    weep for joy aus oder vor Freude weinen;
    I can’t see for the fog ich kann nichts sehen wegen des Nebels oder vor lauter Nebel;
    she couldn’t speak for laughing sie konnte vor (lauter) Lachen nicht sprechen
    12. (als Strafe etc) für, wegen:
    13. dank, wegen:
    were it not for his energy wenn er nicht so energisch wäre, dank seiner Energie;
    if it wasn’t for him wenn er nicht wäre, ohne ihn; he would never have done it, if it hadn’t been for me talking him into it wenn ich ihn nicht dazu überredet hätte
    14. für, in Anbetracht (gen), im Hinblick auf (akk), im Verhältnis zu:
    he is tall for his age er ist groß für sein Alter;
    it is rather cold for July es ist ziemlich kalt für Juli;
    for a foreigner he speaks English fairly well für einen Ausländer spricht er recht gut Englisch
    15. (Begabung, Neigung) für, (Hang) zu:
    an eye for beauty Sinn für das Schöne
    16. (zeitlich) für, während, auf (akk), für die Dauer von, seit:
    for a week eine Woche (lang);
    come for a week komme auf oder für eine Woche;
    for hours stundenlang;
    for a ( oder some) time past seit längerer Zeit;
    for a long time past schon seit Langem;
    not for a long time noch lange nicht;
    the first picture for two months der erste Film in oder seit zwei Monaten;
    for months ahead auf Monate (hinaus)
    17. (Strecke) weit, lang:
    run for a mile eine Meile (weit) laufen
    18. nach, auf (akk), in Richtung auf (akk):
    the train for London der Zug nach London;
    the passengers for Rome die nach Rom reisenden Passagiere;
    start for Paris nach Paris abreisen;
    now for it! Br umg jetzt (nichts wie) los oder drauf!, jetzt gilt’s!
    19. für, anstelle von (oder gen), (an)statt:
    20. für, in Vertretung oder im Auftrag oder im Namen von (oder gen):
    act for sb in jemandes Auftrag handeln
    21. für, als:
    books for presents Bücher als Geschenk;
    they were sold for slaves sie wurden als Sklaven verkauft;
    take that for an answer nimm das als Antwort
    22. trotz (gen oder dat), ungeachtet (gen):
    for all that trotz alledem;
    for all his wealth trotz seines ganzen Reichtums, bei allem Reichtum;
    for all you may say sage, was du willst
    23. as for was … betrifft:
    as for me was mich betrifft oder an(be)langt;
    as for that matter was das betrifft;
    for all I know soviel ich weiß;
    for all of me meinetwegen, von mir aus
    24. nach adj und vor inf:
    it is too heavy for me to lift es ist so schwer, dass ich es nicht heben kann;
    it is impossible for me to come es ist mir unmöglich zu kommen, ich kann unmöglich kommen;
    it seemed useless for me to continue es erschien mir sinnlos, noch weiterzumachen
    25. mit s oder pron und inf:
    it is time for you to go home es ist Zeit, dass du heimgehst; es ist Zeit für dich heimzugehen;
    it is for you to decide die Entscheidung liegt bei Ihnen;
    a) es ist nicht deine Sache zu inf,
    b) es steht dir nicht zu inf;
    he called for the girl to bring him some tea er rief nach dem Mädchen und bat es, ihm Tee zu bringen;
    don’t wait for him to turn up yet wartet nicht darauf, dass er noch auftaucht;
    there is no need for anyone to know es braucht niemand zu wissen
    that’s a wine for you das ist vielleicht ein Weinchen, das nenne ich einen Wein
    27. US nach:
    B konj denn, weil, nämlich
    * * *
    1. preposition
    1) (representing, on behalf of, in exchange against) für; (in place of) für; anstelle von

    what is the German for "buzz"? — wie heißt "buzz" auf Deutsch?

    2) (in defence, support, or favour of) für

    be for doing something — dafür sein, etwas zu tun

    it's each [man] or every man for himself — jeder ist auf sich selbst gestellt

    4) (with a view to) für; (conducive[ly] to) zu

    they invited me for Christmas/Monday/supper — sie haben mich zu Weihnachten/für Montag/zum Abendessen eingeladen

    what is it for? — wofür/wozu ist das?

    6) (to obtain, win, save)

    take somebody for a ride in the car/a walk — jemanden im Auto spazieren fahren/mit jemandem einen Spaziergang machen

    run/jump etc. for it — loslaufen/-springen usw.

    7) (to reach) nach

    set out for England/the north/an island — nach England/Norden/zu einer Insel aufbrechen

    be dressed/ready for dinner — zum Dinner angezogen/fertig sein

    have something for breakfast/pudding — etwas zum Frühstück/Nachtisch haben

    enough... for — genug... für

    too... for — zu... für

    there is nothing for it but to do something — es gibt keine andere Möglichkeit, als etwas zu tun

    cheque/ bill for £5 — Scheck/Rechnung über od. in Höhe von 5 Pfund

    11) (to affect, as if affecting) für

    things don't look very promising for the business — was die Geschäfte angeht, sieht das alles nicht sehr vielversprechend aus

    it is wise/advisable for somebody to do something — es ist vernünftig/ratsam, dass jemand etwas tut

    it's hopeless for me to try and explain the system — es ist sinnlos, dir das System erklären zu wollen

    12) (as being) für

    I/you etc. for one — ich/ du usw. für mein[en]/dein[en] usw. Teil

    13) (on account of, as penalty of) wegen

    famous/well-known for something — berühmt/ bekannt wegen od. für etwas

    jump/ shout for joy — vor Freude in die Luft springen/schreien

    were it not for you/ your help, I should not be able to do it — ohne dich/deine Hilfe wäre ich nicht dazu in der Lage

    for all... — trotz...

    for all that,... — trotzdem...

    for fear of... — aus Angst vor (+ Dat.)

    but for..., except for... — wenn nicht... gewesen wäre, [dann]...

    for all I know/care... — möglicherweise/was mich betrifft,...

    for one thing,... — zunächst einmal...

    19) (during) seit

    we've/we haven't been here for three years — wir sind seit drei Jahren hier/nicht mehr hier gewesen

    we waited for hours/three hours — wir warteten stundenlang/drei Stunden lang

    sit here for now or for the moment — bleiben Sie im Augenblick hier sitzen

    walk for 20 miles/for another 20 miles — 20 Meilen [weit] gehen/weiter gehen

    21)

    be for it — (coll.) dran sein (ugs.); sich auf was gefasst machen können (ugs.)

    2. conjunction
    (since, as proof) denn
    * * *
    conj.
    als konj.
    denn konj.
    für konj.
    nach konj.
    zu konj.

    English-german dictionary > for

  • 18 set

    1. I
    1) the sun is setting солнце садится /заходит/
    2) his power has begun to set его могущество /власть/ слабеет; his star has set его звезда закатилась; his glory has set его слава померкла
    3) cement has set цемент схватился /затвердел/; the glue did not set клей не засох; the jelly has set желе застыло; blood (the white of the egg, etc.) set кровь и т.д. свернулась; the milk set молоко свернулось /створожилось/; all his muscles set все его мускулы напряглись; his face set его лицо-окаменело /застыло/
    4) young trees set молодые деревца принялись; the blossoms were abundant but they failed to set цветение было бурным, но плоды не завязались
    2. II
    1) set at some time the sun sets early (late, etc.) солнце заходит рано и т.д.; set in some manner the sun sets slowly солнце медленно садится
    3) set at some time the jelly hasn't set yet желе еще не застыло; set in some manner cement (mortar, glue, etc.) sets quickly цемент и т.д. быстро застывает /схватывается/; her hair sets easily ее волосы легко укладывать, у нее послушные волосы; his lips set stubbornly его губы упрямо сжались; his teeth set stubbornly он упрямо стиснул зубы
    3. III
    1) set smth. set a broken bone (dislocated joints, etc.) вправить кость и т.д.; set one's hair укладывать волосы; set the table накрывать на стол; set the stage расставлять декорации; set the scene подготовить обстановку; set the sails а) ставить паруса; б) отправляться в плавание; set a piano настраивать пианино; set a palette подготавливать палитру; set a razor править бритву; set a saw разводить пилу; set a clock (the hands of the watch, the alarm-clock) поставить часы; set the focus of a microscope настроить микроскоп; set a map ориентировать карту
    2) set smb., smth. set guards /sentries, watches/ расставлять часовых /караульных и т.п./; set the guard (the pickets) выставлять караул (пикеты)
    3) set smth. set the wedding day (the time, a date, a price, etc.) назначать день свадьбы и т.д.; set a fine устанавливать размер штрафа; set the course разработать /выработать/ курс; set standards (limits, a time-limit, boundaries, etc.) устанавливать нормы и т.д.; set requirements определять / вырабатывать/ требования; set a punishment наложить взыскание
    4) set smth. set an examination-paper (questions, problems, etc.) составлять письменную экзаменационную работу и т.д.; set a new style (a tone) задавать новый стиль (тон); set the fashion вводить моду; set a new model (a pattern) внедрять новый образец (покрой); set the расе задавать темп; set a record устанавливать рекорд; set a precedent создавать прецедент; set a good (bad) example подавать хороший (дурной) пример
    5) set smth. set a trap (a snare) поставить капкан (силки); set an ambush устроить засаду
    4. IV
    1) set smth. somewhere set the books back положить /поставить/ книги на место; set the chairs back отодвигать стулья; set back one's shoulders расправить плечи; the dog set its ears back собака прижала уши; set the clock (one's watch, the alarm, the hand of the watch, etc.) back one hour перевести часы /отвести часы/ на один час назад; set one's watch forward one hour поставить /перевести/ часы на один час вперед; set a house well (some distance /some way/, a fair distance, etc.) back from the road (from the street, etc.) построить /поставить/ дом вдали и т.д. от дороги и т.д.; set the book (one's knitting, the newspaper, etc.) aside отложить в сторону /отодвинуть/ книгу и т.A; set down one's load (one's suitcase, a box, etc.) опустить свой груз и т.д. (на землю)-, set the tray down поставить (на стол и т.я.) поднос; set the chair upright поднять стул; set smb. somewhere set the dogs apart растащить [дерущихся] собак; set the children apart отделять /изолировать/ детей
    2) set smb., smth. in some direction the current set them (the boat, the ship, etc.) northward (seawards, etc.) течением их и т.д. понесло к северу и т.д.
    5. V
    set smb. smth.
    1) set the boys (the students, the employees, etc.) a difficult job (an easy task, a difficult problem, the job of cleaning the yard, etc.) (заплавать мальчикам и т.д. трудную работу и т.д., set oneself a difficult task ставить перед бабой трудную задачу; set him a sum задавать ему арифметическую задачу; set one's son a goal поставить перед своим сыном цель
    2) set the children (the younger boys, youngsters, other people, etc.) a good example подавать детям и т.д. хороший пример; set smb. smth. to do smth. set smb. a standard /a pattern/ to follow служить для кого-л. образцом, которому надо следовать
    6. VI
    set smth., smb. in some state
    1) set the window (the door, the gates, etc.) open открывать /оставлять открытым/ окно и т.д.; set the door ajar приоткрывать дверь, оставить дверь полуоткрытой; set one's hat (one's tie, one's skirt, etc.) straight поправить шляпу и т.д., надеть шляпу и т.д. как следует; set the prisoners (the bird, etc.) free освобождать /выпускать на свободу, на волю/ узников и т.д.; set the dog loose спускать собаку (с цепи, с поводка и т.п.); a good night's rest will set you right за ночь вы отдохнете и снова будете хорошо себя чувствовать; why didn't you set the boy right? почему же вы не поправили мальчика?; I can soon set that right я могу это быстро уладить или исправить; set errors right исправлять ошибки; it would set him (myself) right in their eyes это оправдает его (меня) в их глазах; set things /matters/ straight /right/ уладить дела; set things ready приводить все в готовность; set smb.'s curiosity agog возбуждать чье-л. любопытство
    7. VII
    1) set smb. to do smth. set the men to chop wood (the men to saw wood, the boys to dig a field, the pupils to work at their algebra, the girl to shell peas, the pupils to sing, etc.) заставлять рабочих колоть дрова и т.д.; I set him to work at mowing the lawn я велел ему /дал ему задание/ постричь газон; я вменил ему в обязанность подстригать газон; whom did you set to do this? кому вы поручили это сделать?; I set myself to study the problem я решил взяться за изучение этого вопроса; he set himself to finish the job by the end of May он твердо решил /поставил себе целью/ закончить работу к концу мая
    2) set smth. to do smth. set a machine (a device, a mechanism, etc.) to work приводить в действие /завалять. запускать/ машину и т.д.; set the alarm clock to wake us at seven заводить будильник, чтобы он поднял нас в семь часов, поставить будильник на семь часов
    3) set smth. to do smth. set a pattern to be followed подавать пример; создавать пример для подражания
    8. VIII
    set smb., smth. doing smth. set everybody (the company, people, me, etc.) thinking (singing, running, etc.) заставить всех и т.д. (при)задуматься и т.д.; set smb. talking а) заставить кого-л. говорить, разговорить кого-л.; I set him talking about the new invention (about the discovery, about marriage, etc.) я навел его на разговор о новом изобретении и т.д.; б) дать кому-л. пищу для разговоров; this incident set people talking этот случай /инцидент/ вызвал всякие пересуды; my jokes set the whole table (the company, the audience, the boys, etc.) laughing мой шутки смешили всех за столом и т.д.; set them wondering вызвать у них удивление; the smoke set her coughing от дыма она закашлялась; who has set the dog barking? кто там прошел?, почему лает собака?; set tongues wagging вызывать толки /пересуды/, давать пищу для сплетен; the news set my heart beating эта новость заставила мое сердце забиться; it's time we set the machinery (the machine, the engine, etc.) going пора запустить механизм и т.д. /привести механизм и т.д. в действие/; when anybody entered the device set the bell ringing когда кто-нибудь входил, срабатывало устройство и звонок начинал звонить; а strong wind set the bells ringing от сильного ветра колокола зазвонили; set a top spinning запускать волчок; а false step will set stones rolling один неверный шаг set и камни покатятся вниз; set a plan going начать осуществление плана; we must set things going надо начинать действовать
    9. XI
    1) be set in (near, round, on, etc.) smth. her house is set well back in the garden (near the road, some way back from the street, on a hill, etc.) ее дом стоит а глубине сада и т.д.; а town (a country-seat, a village, etc.) is set in a woodland (on an island, north of /from/ London, etc.) город и т.д. расположен в лесистой местности и т.д.; а boundary stone is set between two fields поля разделяет межевой камень; а balcony is set round the house вокруг дома идет балкон; the second act (the scene, the play, etc.) is set in ancient Rome (in a street, in Paris, etc.) действие второго акта и т.д. происходит в древнем Риме и т.д.; а screen is set in a wall экран вделан /вмонтирован/ в стену; there was a little door set in a wall в стене была маленькая дверка; а ruby (a diamond, etc.) was set in a buckle (in a gold ring, in an earring, etc.) в пряжку и т.д. был вделан /вставлен/ рубин и т.д.; а ruby is set in gold рубин в золотой оправе /оправлен золотом/; his blue eyes are set deep in a white face на его бледном лице глубоко посажены голубые глаза; the young plants should be set at intervals of six inches эти молодые растения надо сажать на расстоянии шести дюймов [друг от друга]; be set with smth. the coast is set with modem resorts на побережье раскинулось множество современных курортов; the tops of the wall were set with broken glass верхний край стены был утыкан битым стеклом; the room is set with tables and chairs комната заставлена столами и стульями; tables were set with little sprays of blue flowers столы были украшены маленькими букетиками синих цветов: the field was set with daisies поле было усеяно маргаритками; the sky was set with stars небо было усыпано звездами; а bracelet (a ring, a crown, a sword-handle, a valuable ornament, etc.) was set with diamonds (with jewels, with gems, with rubies, with pearls, with precious stones, etc.) браслет и т.д. был украшен /усыпан/ бриллиантами и т.д.; а gold ring set with two fine pearls золотое кольцо с двумя большими жемчужинами
    3) be set on smth., smb. he (his mind, his heart) was set on it ему этого очень хотелось; his heart was set on her a) он любил лишь ее; б) все его помыслы были связаны с ней; be set on doing smth. be set on going to the stage (on coming here again, etc.) твердо решить пойти на сцену и т.д.; be set on going to the sea окончательно решить стать моряком; be set on having a motor bike (on winning, on finding him, etc.) поставить своей целью приобрести мотоцикл и т.д.; be set against smth.,smb. he is set against all reforms (against having electric light in the house, against this marriage, against the trip, etc.) он решительно [настроен] против всяких реформ и т.д.; he is set against her он и слышать о ней не хочет; be set against doing smth. he was violently set against meeting her он упорно отказывался встретиться /от встречи/ с ней /противился встрече с ней/
    4) be set on by smb. she was set on by robbers (by a lot of roughs in the dark, by a dog, etc.) на нее напали грабители и т.д.
    5) be set the table is set стол накрыт; the sails are set паруса подняты; be set for smb., smth. the table is set for six стол накрыт на шесть человек /персон/; the table is set for dinner (for lunch, etc.) стол накрыт к обеду и т.д.; be set in some state slaves (prisoners, hostages, etc.) were set free /at liberty/ рабы и т.д. были освобождены /отпущены на волю/; this must be set in order a) это надо привести в порядок; б) это надо разместить /разложить/ по порядку; the motor was set in motion включили мотор
    6) be set at some time the mortar is already set цемент уже схватился /затвердел/; the jelly is not set yet желе еще не застыло; has the type for the book been set yet? эту книгу уже набрали?; it was all set now теперь все было готово /подготовлено/; be set in some manner his lips (his jaws, his teeth) were firmly set in an effort to control himself он плотно сжал губы (челюсти, зубы), пытаясь овладеть собой; his mind and character are completely set он вполне сформировался /сложился/ как личность; be set to do smth. be set to go there быть готовым пойти туда; two pumps (machines, wheels, etc.) were set to work два насоса и т.д. были включены /приведены в действие/; be set for smth. be set for the talk (for the meeting, for the game, for the journey, etc.) быть готовым к разговору и т.д.; the scene is set for the tragedy (for the drama, for the climax, etc.) события (в книге, в пьесе и т.п.) подводят /подготавливают/ (читателя, зрителя и т.п.) к трагедии и т.д.; he was all set for a brilliant career у него были все задатки для блестящей карьеры
    7) be set over smb. he was set over people ему была дана власть над людьми; he was set over his rivals его ставили выше его соперников
    8) be set against smth. one's expenses must be set against the amount received расходы следует соразмерить с доходами; the advantages must be set against the disadvantages надо учесть все плюсы и минусы; against these gains must be set the loss of prestige оценивая эти выгоды, нельзя забывать об ущербе в связи с потерей престижа; it's no good when theory is set against practice плохо, когда теорию противопоставляют практике; when one language is set against another... когда один язык сравнивают /сопоставляют/ с другим...
    9) be set for some time the examination (the voting, his departure, etc.) is set for today (for May 2, etc.) экзамен и т.д. назначен на сегодня и т.д., the party is all set for Monday at my place решено вечеринку провести в понедельник у меня; the time and date of the meeting have not yet been set дата и время собрания еще не установлены; be set by smth., smb. rules (standards, terms, fees, etc.) are set by a committee (by the law, by the headmaster, etc.) правила и т.д. устанавливаются комиссией и т.д.
    10) be set the list of questions is set список вопросов /вопросник/ составлен; be set for smth. what subjects have been set for the examination next year? какие предметы включены в экзамен на будущий год? || be set to music быть положенным на музыку
    11) be set in smth. the editorial was set in boldface type передовая была набрана жирным шрифтом
    10. XII
    have smth. set we have everything set у нас все готово /подготовлено/; the ship has her sails set корабль поднял паруса; have a place set for a guest поставить прибор для гостя
    11. XIII
    set to do smth. set to dig the garden (to write letters, etc.) начать вскапывать сад и т.д.; the engineers set to repair the bridge инженеры приступили к ремонту моста
    12. XVI
    1) set behind (in, on, etc.) smth. the sun sets behind the western range of mountains солнце садится за горной грядой на западе; the sun sets in the sea солнце садится в море; the sun never sets on our country над нашей страной никогда не заходит солнце; set at (in) smth. the sun sets at five o'clock (in the evening, etc.) солнце заходит в пять часов и т.д.
    2) set against (to, from, etc.) smth. set against the wind (against the current) двигаться, направляться (идти, плыть и т.п.) против ветра (против течения); set against the tide идти против прилива; the wind sets from the south (from the west, from the north-east, etc.) ветер дует с юга и т.д.: the current sets to the west (to the south, through the channel, through the straits, etc.) течение идет на запад и т.д.; the tide has set in his favour ему начинает везти
    3) set against (with) smth., smb. public opinion is setting against this proposal (against this plan, against his visit, against him, etc.) общественное мнение складывается не в пользу этого предложения и т.д.; circumstances were setting with our plan (with him, etc.) обстоятельства складывались благоприятно для осуществления нашего плана и т.д.
    4) set about (upon, on, to) smth. set about the study of mineralogy (about the composition, about it, about one's washing, about one's work, etc.) приниматься /браться/ за изучение минералогии и т.д.; I don't know how to set about this job не знаю, как приступить /как подступиться/ к этой работе; they set upon the task unwillingly они неохотно взялись за выполнение этой задачи; set to work in earnest, set seriously to work серьезно браться за работу; set to work on the problem приняться за работу над этой проблемой; set to work on one's studies начать заниматься, приняться за учение
    5) set up (on) smb. set upon the enemy атаковать противника; а gang of ruffians set on him на него напала шайка хулиганов; they set upon him with blows они набросились на него с кулаками; they set upon us with arguments они обрушились на нас со своими доводами; set about /at/ smb. coll. set about the boys (about the stranger, about the supporters of the other team, at the bully, etc.) набрасываться /налетать, наскакивать/ на мальчишек и т.д.; they set about each other at once они сразу же сцепились друг с другом /начали колошматить друг друга/; I'd set about you myself if I could я бы сам отколотил тебя, если бы мог; I'd set about him with a stick (with the butt of the spade, etc.) if we have any trouble если что [не так], я стукну его палкой и т.д.
    6) set in smth. cement soon sets in dry weather (in the cold, in the sun, etc.) в сухую погоду /когда сухо,/ и т.д. цемент быстро затвердевает /застывает/
    13. XVII
    set about (to) doing smth. set about getting dinner ready (about tidying up the room, about doing one's lessons, about stamp-collecting, late.) приниматься за обед /за приготовление обеда/ и т.д.; I must. set about my packing мне надо [начать] укладываться; he asked me how lie should set about learning German он спросил меня, с чего ему начать изучение немецкого языка; set to arguing (to fighting, to quarrelling. etc.) начинать /приниматься/ спорить и т.д.; they set to packing они стали упаковываться
    14. XXI1
    1) set smth., smb. on (at, against, in, before, for, etc.) smth., smb. set dishes (a lamp, one's glass, etc.) on the table поставить тарелки и т.д. на стол; set a place for the guest поставить прибор для гостя; set food and drink (wine and nuts, meat, a dish, etc.) before guests (before travellers, etc.) поставить еду и напитки и т.д. перед гостями и т.д.; set a table by the window (an armchair before a desk, a floor-lamp beside an armchair, etc.) поставить стол у окна и т.д.; set chairs around (at) a table расставлять стулья вокруг (у) стола; set a ladder (a bicycle, a stick, etc.) against a wall прислонить /приставить/ лестницу и т.д. к стене; set one's hand on smb.'s shoulder положить руку кому-л. на плечо; set a hand against the door опереться рукой о дверь; set smb. on his feet поставить кого-л. на ноги
    2) set smth., smb. in (by, on, upon, etc.) smth. set things in their place again вернуть /положить/ вещи на место; set flowers in the water (in a vase, etc.) поставить цветы в воду и т.д.; set glass in a window вставлять стекло в окно; set lamps in 'walls вделывать светильники в стены; set one's foot in the stirrup вставить ногу в стремя; set the stake in the ground вкопать столб в землю; set a pearl (a jewel, a diamond, etc.) in gold оправлять жемчужину и т.д. в золото; set smb. by the fire усадить кого-л. у огня: set a child in a high chair посадить ребенка ка высокий стул; set smb. in the dock посадить кого-л. на скамью подсудимых; set a wheel on an axle насадить колесо на ось: set a hen on eggs, set eggs under a hen посадить курицу на яйца; set a boy on horseback подсадить мальчика на лошадь; set smb. on the pedestal поставить /возвести/ кого-л. на пьедестал; set troops on shore высадить войска [на берег]; set one's foot oil a step поставить ногу на ступеньку; set foot on shore ступить на берег; I'll never set foot on your threshold я никогда не переступлю порог вашего дома; set a crown on his head возложить на него корону; set a king on the throne посадить короля на трон; set a kiss upon smb.'s hand приложиться к чьей-л. руке; set smth. with smth. set the top of the wall with broken glass утыкать верхнюю часть стены битым стеклом; set this bed with tulips (with geraniums, etc.) засадить эту клумбу тюльпанами и т.д. || set eyes on smb., smth. увидеть кого-л что-л., I never set eyes on him before today до сегодняшнего дня я его в глаза не видел; that child wants everything he sets his eyes on этому ребенку вынь, да положь все, что он видит
    3) set smth. to smth. set a glass (a trumpet, etc.) to one's lips, set one's lips to a glass (to a trumpet, etc.) подносить стакан и т.д. к губам /ко рту/; set a match (a lighter) to a cigarette (to old papers, to a fire, etc.) подносить спичку (зажигалку) к сигарете и т.д.; set one's shoulder to the door налечь плечом на дверь; set spurs to a horse пришпорить лошадь
    4) set smb. across smth. set him across the river переправлять его через реку /на другой берег/; set a child across the street перевести ребенка на другую сторону улицы /через улицу/; set smth. by smth. set a ship by the compass вести корабль по компасу; set smth. against (to ward(s), to) smth. set the boat against the wind (against the current) направлять лодку против ветра и т.д.; set one's course to the south направляться на юг; set one's face toward the east (toward home, towards the sun, etc.) повернуться лицом к востоку и т.д.; set smb. after (at, on, etc.) smb., smth. set the police (detectives, etc.) after /on the track of/ the criminal (on her, after the spies, etc.) направлять полицию и т.д. по следу преступника и т.д.; set the boys on the wrong (right) track направлять мальчишек по ложному (по правильному) следу; set a dog at a hare (at a fox, at a bull, at his heels, etc.) пустить собаку по следу зайца и т.д.; set dogs on a stranger (on a trespasser, on thieves, etc.) спустить собак на незнакомца и т.д. || set sail for India отплывать /направляться/ в Индию
    5) set smb. against (on, to, etc.) smb., smth. set people against each other (a friend against another, everyone against him, etc.) настраивать людей друг против друга и т.д.; he is trying to set you against me он старается восстановить вас против меня; set oneself against the proposal (against the scheme, against the decision, against his nomination, against him, etc.) был настроенным /выступать/ против этого предложения и т.д.; set the crowd on acts of violence (the crew to mutiny, soldiers to violence, people to robbery, etc.) подстрекать толпу на совершение актов насилия /к насилию/ и т.д.; set smth. against smth. set one thing against another противопоставлять одно другому; set one language against another сопоставлять /сравнивать/ один язык с другим; set smth. on smth. set one's heart /one's mind/ on the trip твердо настроиться на эту поездку; set one's heart on a new dress (on a new car, etc.) жаждать /очень хотеть/ купить новое платье и т.д.; he set his thoughts on the plan все его помыслы направлены на осуществление этого плана || set him at odds with his friends рассорить его с друзьями
    6) set smb., smth. to smth. set the class (the boys, him, etc.) to work (to a task, to sums, to dictation, etc.) засадить класс и т.д. за работу и т.д.; set one's mind /one's wits/ to a question (to a task, to a job, etc.) сосредоточиться на каком-л. вопросе и т.д.; you won't find the work difficult if only you set your mind to it если вы серьезно возьметесь за дело, работа не покажется вам трудной; set one's hand to the work (to the task, to the plough, etc.) взяться за работу и т.д.; he set himself resolutely to the task он решительно взялся за выполнение задачи; set а реп to' paper начать писать, взяться за перо; set smth. before smb. set a task (an object) before him поставить перед ним задачу
    7) set smth., smb. т (on, at, to) smth. set one's affairs (one's papers, one's house, a room, etc.) in order /to rights/ приводить свои дела и т.д. в порядок; set a machine in motion запустить машину; set the project in motion начинать работу над объектом; set the machinery of the government in motion приводить государственную машину в движение; set a chain reaction in motion вызвать цепную реакцию; his jokes set the audience (the table, the whole room, etc.) in a roar от его шуток вся аудитория и т.д. покатывалась со смеху; set smb. on his guard настораживать кого-л.; set smb. (smb.'s guests, the boy, smb.'s mind, etc.) at ease успокаивать кого-л. и т.д.; he set the girl at ease с ним девушке стало легко /девушка почувствовала себя свободно/; а host should try and set his guests at ease хозяин должен стараться, чтобы его гости чувствовали себя свободно /как дома/: now you may set your mind at ease теперь вы можете перестать волноваться /не волноваться/; set a question (the affair, the matter, etc.) at rest разрешить /урегулировать/ вопрос и т.д.; that sets all my doubts at rest это рассеивает все мои сомнения; set prisoners at liberty освобождать заключенных
    8) set smth. for smth. set the table for dinner (for five people, for two, etc.) накрыть стол к обеду и т.д.; set the stage for the next scene in a play подготовить сцену для следующей картины [в пьесе]; set the scene for talks подготовить условия /создать благоприятную обстановку/ для переговоров; set smth. by smth. set one's watch by the radio timesignal (by the town clock, by the clock in the library, by mine, etc.) ставить /сверять/ часы по радиосигналу и т.д.; set smth. to (for, at) smth. set the clock (the hands of the clock) to the correct time (to the proper hour of the day, etc.) точно поставить часы и т.д.; set the alarm for 5 o'clock (the camera lens to infinity, a thermostat at 70°, etc.) поставить будильник на пять часов и т.д.
    9) set smb., smth. at (in, он, etc.) smth. set a guard (a sentry, etc.) at the door (at the gate, at the corner of the street, in the nearest village, on the hill, etc.) поставить сторожа /часового/ и т.д. у дверей и т.д.; set pickets around the camp выставлять дозорных вокруг лагеря
    10) set smb., smth. over (before, among, etc.) smb., smth. set him over others (a supervisor over the new workers, etc.) назначать его начальником над остальными и т.д.; set Vergil before Homer отдавать предпочтение Вергилию перед Гомером, ставить Вергилия выше Гомера; set the author among the greatest writers of today (the painter among the best artists of the world, the team among the strongest teams of Europe, etc.) считать автора одним из крупнейших писателей современности и т.д.; set duty before pleasure ставить долг выше удовольствий /на первое место/; set honesty above everything (diamonds above rubies, etc.) ценить честность превыше всего и т.д., his intelligence (his talent, his character, etc.) sets him apart from others (from ordinary people, from the normal run of people, etc.) его ум и т.д. выделяют его среди других и т.д.; her bright red hair sets her apart from her sisters из всех сестер у нее одной были ярко-рыжие волосы
    11) set smth. at smth. set the price (the value of the canvas, etc.) at t 1000 оценить / назначить, определить цену/ и т.д. в тысячу фунтов; set bail at i 500 установить сумму залога в пятьсот фунтов; set neatness at a high value очень ценить аккуратность, придавать большое значение опрятности; set smth. for smth. set a time for a meeting назначать время собрания; set the rules for a contest вырабатывать правила состязания; set the lesson for tomorrow задавать урок на завтра; set smth. to /for /smth. set limits to smb.'s power (to his extravagance, to his demands, etc.) ограничивать чью-л. власть и т.д., устанавливать предел чьей-л. власти и т.д.; he sets no limit to his ambition его честолюбие не знает предела; set a time-limit for examination установить продолжительность экзамена; set a time-limit for debates установить регламент для выступления в прениях; set a record for the mile устанавливать рекорд в беге на одну милю; set an end to it положить этому конец; set smth. on smth., smb. set a high value on life (on punctuality, etc.) высоко ценить жизнь и т.д.; set a punishment on smb. налагать наказание на кого-л., определять кому-л. меру наказания; set a price on smb.'s head /on smb.'s life/ назначить награду за чью-л. голову /за чью-л. жизнь/; set smth. at some time set the death of the man at midnight установить, что смерть этого человека наступила в полночь || set much store by smth. придавать большее значение чему-л.; set much store by social position (by daily exercise, by what the neighbours say, by the opinion of people like him, etc.) придавать большое значение общественному положению и т.д.
    12) set smth. for (in, to, etc.) smth. set papers for the examination составлять экзаменационные работы; set new questions (problems, etc.) in an examination подготовить новые вопросы и т.д. для экзамена; set the words (this poem, etc.) to music положить эти слова и т.д. на музыку; set new words to an old tune сочинить новые слова на старый мотив; set Othello to music а) написать музыку к "Отелло"; б) написать /сочинить/ оперу "Отелло"; set a piece of music for the violin переложить музыкальное произведение для скрипки
    13) set smth. before smb. set a plan (facts, one's theory, one's proposals, etc.) before the council (before the chief, before experts, etc.) изложить совету /представить на рассмотрение совета/ и т.д. план и т.д.
    14) set smth. to smth. set one's name /one's signature, one's hand/ to a document подписать документ; set a seal to the decree скрепить указ печатью; set smth. on smth. set a veto on smth. накладывать запрет на что-л.
    15) set smth. on (in) smth., smb. set one's life on a chance рисковать жизнью в надежде на удачу; set one's future on a chance строить планы на будущее в расчете на счастливое стечение обстоятельств; set hopes on a chance (on him, on his uncle, etc.) надеяться /возлагать надежды/ на случай и т.д.
    16) set smth. for smb. set a snare for a fox поставить капкан на лису; set poison for rats разложить отраву для крыс
    17) set smth. for smth. set milk for cheese ставить молоко на творог, створаживать молоко
    18) || set fire to a house (to a barn, etc.) поджигать дом и т.д.; set the woods (a woodpile, etc.) on fire поджигать лес и т.д.
    15. XXII
    1) set smth. on doing smth. set one's heart /one's hopes, one's mind, one's thoughts/ on becoming an engineer (on going with us, on going abroad, etc.) очень хотеть /стремиться/ стать инженером и т.д.; I set my heart on going today я решил ехать сегодня; he sets his hopes on getting on in life он очень надеется преуспеть в жизни /добиться в жизни успеха/; if he once sets his mind on doing something it takes a lot to dissuade him если он настроился на что-либо, его очень трудно отговорить
    2) set smb. to doing smth. set him to woodchopping поставить его на колку дров, заставить его колоть дрова; set her to thinking заставить ее задуматься; set a child to crying довести ребенка до слез; he set himself to amusing me он изо всех сил старался развлечь меня
    16. XXIV1
    set smth. as smth. set education (money, revenge, etc.) as one's goal /as one's aim, as one's object, as one's purpose, as one's task/ поставить себе целью получить образование в т.д.

    English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > set

  • 19 AS

    1. adverb in main sentence
    (in same degree)

    as... [as...] — so... [wie...]

    they did as much as they could — sie taten, was sie konnten

    as good a player [as he] — ein so guter Spieler [wie er]

    2. relative adverb or conjunction in subordinate clause
    1) (expr. degree)

    [as or so]... as... — [so...] wie...

    as quickly as possible — so schnell wie möglich

    as... as you can — so...[, wie] Sie können

    come as quickly as you can — kommen Sie, so schnell Sie können

    2) (though)

    ... as he etc. is/was — obwohl er usw.... ist/war

    intelligent as she is,... — obwohl sie ziemlich intelligent ist,...

    safe as it might be,... — obwohl es vielleicht ungefährlich ist,...

    3) (however much)

    try as he might/would, he could not concentrate — sosehr er sich auch bemühte, er konnte sich nicht konzentrieren

    4) (expr. manner) wie

    as it were — sozusagen; gewissermaßen

    5) (expr. time) als; während

    as we climbed the stairs — als wir die Treppe hinaufgingen

    6) (expr. reason) da
    7) (expr. result)

    so... as to... — so... zu

    8) (expr. purpose)

    so as to... — um... zu...

    9) (expr. illustration) wie [zum Beispiel]

    industrial areas, as the north-east of England for example — Industriegebiete wie zum Beispiel der Nordosten Englands

    3. preposition
    1) (in the function of) als

    speaking as a parent,... — als Mutter/Vater...

    2) (like) wie
    4. relative pronoun

    they danced, as was the custom there — sie tanzten, wie es dort Sitte war

    he was shocked, as were we all — er war wie wir alle schockiert

    the same as... — der-/die-/dasselbe wie...

    they enjoy such foreign foods as... — sie essen gern ausländische Lebensmittel wie...

    5.

    as far — see academic.ru/26446/far">far 1. 4)

    as for... — was... angeht

    as from... — von... an

    as is — wie die Dinge liegen; wie es aussieht

    the place is untidy enough as it is — es ist schon liederlich genug[, wie es jetzt ist]

    as of... — (Amer.) von... an

    as to — hinsichtlich (+ Gen.)

    as yet — bis jetzt

    * * *
    [æz] 1. conjunction
    1) (when; while: I met John as I was coming home; We'll be able to talk as we go.) während
    2) (because: As I am leaving tomorrow, I've bought you a present.) weil
    3) (in the same way that: If you are not sure how to behave, do as I do.) so wie
    4) (used to introduce a statement of what the speaker knows or believes to be the case: As you know, I'll be leaving tomorrow.) wie
    5) (though: Old as I am, I can still fight; Much as I want to, I cannot go.) obgleich
    6) (used to refer to something which has already been stated and apply it to another person: Tom is English, as are Dick and Harry.) so wie
    2. adverb
    (used in comparisons, eg the first as in the following example: The bread was as hard as a brick.) so...wie
    3. preposition
    1) (used in comparisons, eg the second as in the following example: The bread was as hard as a brick.) so...wie
    2) (like: He was dressed as a woman.) wie
    3) (with certain verbs eg regard, treat, describe, accept: I am regarded by some people as a bit of a fool; He treats the children as adults.) wie
    4) (in the position of: He is greatly respected both as a person and as a politician.) als
    •
    - as for
    - as if / as though
    - as to
    * * *
    as
    [æz, əz]
    I. conj
    1. (while) als
    she sat watching him \as he cooked the dinner sie saß da und schaute ihm dabei zu, wie er das Abendessen kochte
    he gets more and more attractive \as he gets older er wird mit zunehmendem Alter immer attraktiver
    \as I was getting into the car, I noticed a piece of paper on the seat beim Einsteigen bemerkte ich ein Stück Papier auf dem Autositz
    2. (in the way that, like) wie
    knowing him \as I do, he won't do it wie ich ihn kenne, wird er es nicht tun
    \as is often the case with children,... wie das bei Kindern oft ist,...
    she is an actor, \as is her brother sie ist Schauspielerin, wie ihr Bruder
    all merchandise is sold \as is esp AM alle Waren werden verkauft, wie sie sind
    do \as I say! mach, was ich sage!
    ..., \as my mother puts it ( hum)..., wie meine Mutter [immer] zu sagen pflegt
    I'd never seen him looking so miserable \as he did that day ich habe ihn noch nie so traurig gesehen wie an dem Tag
    \as things happened [or stood] [or turned out],... wie sich zeigte,...
    \as it is [or stands],..., \as things are [or stand],... [so] wie die Dinge stehen,...
    \as it stood at the time,... so wie die Dinge damals standen,...
    exactly \as genauso wie
    just \as so wie
    \as it is (already) sowieso schon
    I've spent far too much money \as it is ich habe sowieso schon zu viel Geld ausgegeben
    \as it were sozusagen
    he's a little on the large side, \as it were er ist, sagen wir [ein]mal, ein bisschen groß geraten
    \as it happens rein zufällig
    \as it happens, I met him this morning rein zufällig [o wie der Zufall will], habe ich ihn heute Morgen getroffen
    \as you like [or prefer] [or wish] ( form) wie Sie wünschen
    \as if [or though] als ob
    she looked at me \as if she didn't understand a word sie schaute mich als, als würde sie kein Wort verstehen
    it isn't \as if she wasn't warned es ist ja nicht so, dass sie nicht gewarnt worden wäre, schließlich war sie ja gewarnt
    \as if I care[d]! als ob mich das interessieren würde!
    3. (because) weil, da geh
    \as you were out, I left a message weil du nicht da warst, habe ich eine Nachricht hinterlassen
    he may need some help \as he's new er braucht vielleicht Hilfe, weil er neu ist
    4. (used to add a comment) wie
    \as already mentioned,... wie bereits erwähnt,...
    \as you know,... wie du weißt,...
    she smiled and I smiled back, \as you do sie lächelte und ich lächelte zurück, du weißt schon
    \as if! ( iron) wohl kaum!, das denkst du aber auch nur! iron
    such riches \as he has, he is still not happy so reich er auch ist, glücklich ist er noch immer nicht
    angry \as he was,... so verärgert er auch war,...
    sweet \as he is,... so süß er auch ist,...
    try \as he might,... so sehr er es auch versucht,...
    6.
    ▶ \as for... was... betrifft
    he wasn't thrilled, \as for me, I thought it a good idea er war nicht begeistert, ich dagegen hielt es für eine gute Idee
    ▶ \as from [or of] ab
    \as from [or of] her 18th birthday, she is free to use the money nach der Vollendung des 18. Lebensjahres kann sie frei über das Geld verfügen
    \as of [or from] tomorrow/the first/next Monday ab morgen/dem Ersten/nächsten [o nächstem] Monat
    \as of [or from] now/today von jetzt/heute an, ab jetzt/heute
    ▶ \as to... was... angeht
    \as to her manual skills, we'll have to work on them was ihre handwerklichen Fähigkeiten angeht, daran müssen wir noch arbeiten
    \as to where we'll get the money from, we'll talk about that later wir müssen später noch besprechen, wo wir das Geld hernehmen
    he was uncertain \as to which road to take er war sich nicht sicher, welche Straße er nehmen sollte
    ▶ \as and when BRIT sobald
    you can revise them \as and when I send them to you du kannst sie redigieren, sobald ich sie dir schicke
    II. prep
    1. (in the past, being) als
    he was often ill \as a child als Kind war er oft krank
    2. (in the capacity, function of) als
    she was praised \as an actress, but less so \as a director als Schauspielerin wurde sie sehr gelobt, aber als Regisseurin weitaus weniger
    speaking \as a mother, I cannot accept that als Mutter kann ich das nicht akzeptieren
    what do you think of his book \as a basis for a film? was hältst du von seinem Buch als Grundlage für einen Film?
    3. (like, being) als
    he went to the fancy-dress party dressed \as a banana er kam als Banane verkleidet zum Kostümfest
    the news came \as no surprise die Nachricht war keine Überraschung
    use your coat \as a blanket nimm deinen Mantel als Decke
    such big names \as... so große Namen wie...
    such agricultural states \as Kansas and Oklahoma Agrarstaaten wie Kansas und Oklahoma
    the necklace was reported \as having been stolen die Kette war als gestohlen gemeldet
    I always thought of myself \as a good mother ich habe mich immer für eine gute Mutter gehalten
    do you regard punishment \as being essential in education? hältst du Strafen für unerlässlich in der Erziehung?
    \as a matter of principle aus Prinzip
    III. adv inv
    they live in the same town \as my parents sie wohnen in derselben Stadt wie meine Eltern
    ▪ [just] \as... \as... [genau]so... wie...
    he's \as tall \as Peter er ist so groß wie Peter
    I can run just \as fast \as you ich kann genauso schnell laufen wie du
    half \as... \as... halb so... wie...
    she's not half \as self-confident \as people think sie ist bei Weitem nicht so selbstbewusst, wie alle denken
    \as much \as so viel wie
    I don't earn \as much \as Paul ich verdiene nicht so viel wie Paul
    twice/three times \as much [\as] zweimal/dreimal so viel [wie]
    \as usual wie gewöhnlich
    you're late, \as usual du bist wie immer zu spät
    \as... \as that so...
    if you play \as well \as that,... wenn du so gut spielst,...
    he's not \as handsome \as that! so gut sieht er nun auch wieder nicht aus!
    2. (indicating an extreme)
    these sunflowers can grow \as tall \as 8 ft diese Sonnenblumen können bis zu 8 Fuß hoch werden
    \as many/much \as immerhin; (even) sogar
    the decision could affect \as many \as 2 million people die Entscheidung könnte immerhin 2 Millionen Menschen betreffen
    prices have risen by \as much \as 50% die Preise sind um ganze [o beachtliche] 50 % gestiegen
    \as little \as nur
    you can pick up a second-hand machine for \as little \as £20 ein gebrauchtes Gerät kriegt man schon für 20 Pfund
    * * *
    [z, əz]
    1. conj
    1) (= when, while) als; (two parallel actions) während, als, indem (geh)

    he got deafer as he got older —

    as a child he would... — als Kind hat er immer...

    2) (= since) da
    3)

    (= although) rich as he is I won't marry him — obwohl er reich ist, werde ich ihn nicht heiraten

    stupid as he is, he... — so dumm er auch sein mag,... er

    big as he is I'll... — so groß, wie er ist, ich...

    much as I admire her,... — sosehr ich sie auch bewundere,...

    try as he might — sosehr er sich auch bemüht/bemühte

    4) (manner) wie

    do as you like — machen Sie, was Sie wollen

    the first door as you go upstairs/as you go in — die erste Tür oben/, wenn Sie hereinkommen

    knowing him as I do —

    as you yourself said... — wie Sie selbst gesagt haben...

    as it is, I'm heavily in debt — ich bin schon tief verschuldet

    as it were — sozusagen, gleichsam

    as you were! (Mil) — weitermachen!; (fig) lassen Sie sich nicht stören; (in dictation, speaking) streichen Sie das

    my husband as was (inf) — mein verflossener or (late) verstorbener Mann

    5)

    (phrases) as if or though — als ob, wie wenn

    he rose as if to go — er erhob sich, als wollte er gehen

    as for him/you — (und) was ihn/dich anbetrifft or angeht

    as from or of the 5th — vom Fünften an, ab dem Fünften

    as from now — von jetzt an, ab jetzt

    be so good as to... (form) — hätten Sie die Freundlichkeit or Güte,... zu... (form)

    he's not so silly as to do that — er ist nicht so dumm, das zu tun, so dumm ist er nicht

    2. adv

    as... as — so... wie

    not as... as — nicht so... wie

    is it as difficult as that? —

    she is very clever, as is her brother — sie ist sehr intelligent, genau(so) wie ihr Bruder

    as many/much as I could — so viele/so viel ich (nur) konnte

    this one is just as good — diese(r, s) ist genauso gut

    as often happens, he was... — wie so oft, war er...

    3. rel pron
    1) (with same, such) der/die/das; (pl) die

    the same man as was here yesterday — derselbe Mann, der gestern hier war

    See:
    → such
    2) (dial) der/die/das; (pl) die
    4. prep
    1) (= in the capacity of) als
    2) (esp = such as) wie (zum Beispiel)
    * * *
    AS abk
    * * *
    1. adverb in main sentence

    as... [as...] — so... [wie...]

    they did as much as they could — sie taten, was sie konnten

    as good a player [as he] — ein so guter Spieler [wie er]

    2. relative adverb or conjunction in subordinate clause
    1) (expr. degree)

    [as or so]... as... — [so...] wie...

    as... as you can — so...[, wie] Sie können

    come as quickly as you can — kommen Sie, so schnell Sie können

    ... as he etc. is/was — obwohl er usw.... ist/war

    intelligent as she is,... — obwohl sie ziemlich intelligent ist,...

    safe as it might be,... — obwohl es vielleicht ungefährlich ist,...

    try as he might/would, he could not concentrate — sosehr er sich auch bemühte, er konnte sich nicht konzentrieren

    4) (expr. manner) wie

    as it were — sozusagen; gewissermaßen

    5) (expr. time) als; während
    6) (expr. reason) da
    7) (expr. result)

    so... as to... — so... zu

    8) (expr. purpose)

    so as to... — um... zu...

    9) (expr. illustration) wie [zum Beispiel]

    industrial areas, as the north-east of England for example — Industriegebiete wie zum Beispiel der Nordosten Englands

    3. preposition

    speaking as a parent,... — als Mutter/Vater...

    2) (like) wie
    4. relative pronoun

    they danced, as was the custom there — sie tanzten, wie es dort Sitte war

    he was shocked, as were we all — er war wie wir alle schockiert

    the same as... — der-/die-/dasselbe wie...

    they enjoy such foreign foods as... — sie essen gern ausländische Lebensmittel wie...

    5.

    as far — see far 1. 4)

    as for... — was... angeht

    as from... — von... an

    as is — wie die Dinge liegen; wie es aussieht

    the place is untidy enough as it is — es ist schon liederlich genug[, wie es jetzt ist]

    as of... — (Amer.) von... an

    as to — hinsichtlich (+ Gen.)

    * * *
    adv.
    als adv.
    da adv.
    ebenso/allso adv.
    indem (zeitlich) adv.
    obgleich konj.
    so adv.
    weil adv.
    wie adv.
    während adv.

    English-german dictionary > AS

  • 20 time

    time [taɪm]
    temps ⇒ 1 (a)-(e), 1 (m), 1 (o) durée ⇒ 1 (e) heure ⇒ 1 (f), 1 (g), 1 (m) moment ⇒ 1 (i), 1 (j) fois ⇒ 1 (k) époque ⇒ 1 (o) fin ⇒ 1 (r) mesure ⇒ 1 (u) chronométrer ⇒ 2 (a) fixer l'heure de ⇒ 2 (b) choisir le moment de ⇒ 2 (c) régler ⇒ 2 (d)
    1 noun
    ∎ as time goes by avec le temps;
    ∎ the price has gone up over time le prix a augmenté avec le temps;
    ∎ it's only a matter or a question of time ce n'est qu'une question de temps;
    ∎ these things take time cela ne se fait pas du jour au lendemain;
    ∎ to have time on one's hands or time to spare avoir du temps;
    ∎ time hangs heavy on his hands le temps lui pèse, il trouve le temps long;
    ∎ since the dawn of time depuis la nuit des temps;
    ∎ time flies le temps passe vite;
    ∎ doesn't time fly! comme le temps passe vite!;
    ∎ time heals all wounds le temps guérit tout;
    ∎ only time will tell seul l'avenir nous le dira;
    ∎ time will prove me right l'avenir me donnera raison;
    ∎ it's a race against time c'est une course contre la montre;
    ∎ they're working against time to save her ils ne disposent que de très peu de temps pour la sauver;
    ∎ time is on our side le temps joue en notre faveur;
    ∎ time out of mind de temps immémorial, de toute éternité;
    ∎ time is money le temps, c'est de l'argent;
    ∎ proverb time and tide wait for no man les événements n'attendent personne
    ∎ there's no time to lose il n'y a pas de temps à perdre;
    ∎ he lost no time in telling me il s'est empressé de me le dire;
    ∎ to make up for lost time rattraper le temps perdu;
    ∎ to make good/poor time doing sth mettre peu de temps/longtemps à faire qch;
    ∎ I passed the time reading j'ai passé mon temps à lire;
    ∎ take your time prenez votre temps;
    ∎ take your time over it prenez le temps qu'il faudra;
    ∎ it took me all my time just to get here! avec le temps que j'ai mis pour arriver ici!;
    ∎ you took your time about it! tu en as mis du temps!;
    ∎ she took the time to explain it to us elle a pris le temps de nous l'expliquer;
    ∎ she made the time to read the report elle a pris le temps de lire le rapport;
    ∎ I can always make time for you pour vous, je suis toujours là;
    ∎ I spend half/all my time cleaning up je passe la moitié de/tout mon temps à faire le ménage;
    ∎ half the time he doesn't know what he's doing la moitié du temps il ne sait pas ce qu'il fait;
    ∎ most of the time la plupart du temps;
    ∎ he was ill part or some of the time il a été malade une partie du temps;
    ∎ it rained part or some of the time il a plu par moments;
    ∎ we spend the better part of our time working nous passons le plus clair de notre temps à travailler;
    ∎ I start in three weeks' time je commence dans trois semaines;
    ∎ they'll have finished the project in three weeks' time ils auront terminé le projet dans trois semaines;
    ∎ all in good time! chaque chose en son temps!;
    ∎ I'll finish it in my own good time je le finirai quand bon me semblera;
    ∎ in no time (at all), in next to no time en un rien de temps, en moins de rien
    ∎ I haven't (the) time to do the shopping je n'ai pas le temps de faire les courses;
    ∎ I've no time for gossip je n'ai pas de temps à perdre en bavardages;
    ∎ I've no time for that sort of attitude je ne supporte pas ce genre de mentalité;
    ∎ he has no time for sycophants/for laziness il n'a pas de temps à perdre avec les flatteurs/les paresseux;
    ∎ my time is my own mon temps m'appartient;
    ∎ my time is not my own je ne suis pas libre de mon temps;
    ∎ we've just got time to catch the train on a juste le temps d'attraper le train;
    ∎ that doesn't leave them much time to get ready cela ne leur laisse guère de temps pour se préparer;
    ∎ you'll have to find the time to see her il faut que tu trouves le temps de la voir;
    ∎ you have plenty of time to finish it vous avez largement le temps de le finir;
    ∎ we've got plenty of time or all the time in the world nous avons tout le temps
    (d) (while) temps m;
    ∎ after a time après un (certain) temps;
    ∎ a long time longtemps;
    ∎ a long time ago il y a longtemps;
    ∎ it's a long time since we've been out for a meal together ça fait longtemps que nous ne sommes pas sortis dîner ensemble;
    ∎ she's been dreaming of this for a long time now voilà longtemps qu'elle en rêve;
    ∎ he waited for a long time il a attendu longtemps;
    ∎ I worked for a long time as a translator j'ai travaillé (pendant) longtemps comme traducteur;
    ∎ for a long time he refused to eat meat il a (pendant) longtemps refusé de manger de la viande;
    ∎ it'll be a long time before I do that again je ne suis pas près de recommencer, je ne recommencerai pas de si tôt ou de sitôt;
    ∎ the car takes a long time to warm up la voiture met longtemps à chauffer;
    ∎ you took a long time! tu en as mis du temps!, il t'en a fallu du temps!;
    ∎ familiar long time no see! ça faisait longtemps!;
    ∎ a short time peu de temps;
    ∎ after a short time peu (de temps) après;
    ∎ a short time before their wedding peu avant leur mariage;
    ∎ she's going to stay with us for a short time elle va rester avec nous pendant quelque temps;
    ∎ in the shortest possible time dans les plus brefs délais, le plus vite ou tôt possible;
    ∎ after some time au bout de quelque temps, après un certain temps;
    ∎ some time after their trip quelque temps après leur voyage;
    ∎ some time ago il y a quelque temps;
    ∎ for some time past depuis quelque temps;
    ∎ for some time (to come) pendant quelque temps;
    ∎ it's the best film I've seen for some time c'est le meilleur film que j'aie vu depuis un moment;
    ∎ it will take (quite) some time to repair il va falloir pas mal de temps pour le réparer;
    ∎ all this time pendant tout ce temps
    ∎ the flying time to Madrid is two hours la durée du vol pour Madrid est de deux heures;
    ∎ the cooking time is two hours le temps de cuisson est de deux heures;
    ∎ the winner's time was under four minutes le gagnant a fait un temps de moins de quatre minutes;
    ∎ 1 minute 34 seconds is her best/a good time 1 minute 34 secondes, c'est son meilleur temps/un bon temps;
    ∎ it takes time cela prend du temps;
    ∎ how much time will it take? combien de temps cela prendra-t-il?;
    ∎ she finished in half the time it took me to finish elle a mis deux fois moins de temps que moi pour finir
    (f) (by clock) heure f;
    ∎ what time is it?, what's the time? quelle heure est-il?;
    ∎ what time do you make it? quelle heure avez-vous?;
    ∎ do you have the time? vous avez l'heure?;
    ∎ have you got the right time on you? avez-vous l'heure juste?;
    ∎ the time is twenty past three il est trois heures vingt;
    ∎ what time are we leaving? à quelle heure partons-nous?;
    ∎ do you know how to tell the time? est-ce que tu sais lire l'heure?;
    ∎ could you tell me the time? pourriez-vous me dire l'heure (qu'il est)?;
    ∎ have you seen the time? avez-vous vu l'heure?;
    ∎ I looked at the time j'ai regardé l'heure;
    ∎ this old watch still keeps good time cette vieille montre est toujours à l'heure ou exacte;
    ∎ at this time of day à cette heure de la journée;
    ∎ we'll have to keep an eye on the time il faudra surveiller l'heure;
    ∎ it is almost time to leave/for my bus il est presque l'heure de partir/de mon bus;
    ∎ it's time I was going il est temps que je parte;
    ∎ it's dinner time, it's time for dinner c'est l'heure de dîner;
    ∎ there you are, it's about time! te voilà, ce n'est pas trop tôt!;
    ∎ I wouldn't give him the time of day je ne lui dirais même pas bonjour;
    ∎ to pass the time of day with sb échanger quelques mots avec qn
    ∎ local time heure f locale;
    ∎ it's 5 o'clock Tokyo time il est 5 heures, heure de Tokyo
    ∎ is the bus running to time? est-ce que le bus est à l'heure?;
    ∎ within the required time dans les délais requis
    ∎ at that time I was in Madrid à ce moment-là, j'étais à Madrid ou j'étais alors à Madrid;
    ∎ I worked for her at one time à un moment donné j'ai travaillé pour elle;
    ∎ at the present time en ce moment, à présent;
    ∎ he is president at the present time il est actuellement président;
    ∎ at the time of delivery au moment de la livraison;
    ∎ at a later time plus tard;
    ∎ at a given time à un moment donné;
    ∎ at any one time à la fois;
    ∎ there's room for 15 people at any one time il y a de la place pour 15 personnes à la fois;
    ∎ an inconvenient time un moment inopportun;
    ∎ you called at a most inconvenient time vous avez appelé à un très mauvais moment;
    ∎ there are times when I could scream il y a des moments où j'ai envie de hurler;
    ∎ at the best of times même quand tout va bien;
    ∎ even at the best of times he is not that patient même dans ses bons moments il n'est pas particulièrement patient;
    ∎ at no time did I agree to that je n'ai jamais donné mon accord pour cela;
    ∎ by the time you get this… le temps que tu reçoives ceci…, quand tu auras reçu ceci…;
    ∎ by that time it will be too late à ce moment-là il sera trop tard;
    ∎ by that time we'll all be dead d'ici là nous serons tous morts;
    ∎ by this time next week d'ici une semaine, dans une semaine;
    ∎ this time next week la semaine prochaine à cette heure-ci;
    ∎ this time last week il y a exactement une semaine;
    ∎ from that time on we had nothing to do with them à partir de ce moment-là, nous avons refusé d'avoir affaire à eux;
    ∎ in between times entre-temps;
    ∎ some time or other un jour ou l'autre;
    ∎ some time next month dans le courant du mois prochain;
    ∎ until such time as I hear from them jusqu'à ce que ou en attendant que j'aie de leurs nouvelles
    ∎ she chose her time badly elle a mal choisi son moment;
    ∎ this is no time for you to leave ce n'est pas le moment de partir;
    ∎ now's our time to tell her c'est maintenant que nous devrions ou voici venu le moment de le lui dire;
    ∎ now is the time to invest c'est maintenant qu'il faut investir;
    ∎ when the time comes le moment venu, quand le moment sera venu;
    ∎ we'll talk about that when the time comes nous en parlerons en temps utile;
    ∎ the time has come to make a stand c'est le moment d'avoir le courage de ses opinions;
    ∎ the time for talking is past ce n'est plus le moment de parler;
    ∎ it's about time we taught her a lesson il est grand temps que nous lui donnions une bonne leçon;
    ∎ there's a time and a place for everything il y a un temps et un lieu pour ou à tout
    (k) (occasion, instance) fois f;
    ∎ I'll forgive you this time je vous pardonne cette fois-ci ou pour cette fois;
    ∎ each or every time chaque fois;
    ∎ she succeeds every time elle réussit à chaque fois;
    ∎ the last time he came la dernière fois qu'il est venu;
    ∎ the time before la fois précédente ou d'avant;
    ∎ another or some other time une autre fois;
    ∎ I called her three times je l'ai appelée trois fois;
    ∎ many times bien des fois, très souvent;
    ∎ many a time I've wondered… je me suis demandé plus d'une ou bien des fois…;
    ∎ several times plusieurs fois;
    ∎ several times in the past plusieurs fois déjà;
    ∎ he asked me several times if… il m'a demandé plusieurs fois si…;
    ∎ it costs 15 cents a time ça coûte 15 cents à chaque fois;
    ∎ the one time I'm winning, he wants to stop playing pour une fois que je gagne, il veut arrêter de jouer;
    ∎ nine times out of ten the machine doesn't work neuf fois sur dix la machine ne marche pas;
    ∎ we'll have to decide some time or other tôt ou tard ou un jour ou l'autre il va falloir nous décider;
    ∎ do you remember that time we went to Germany? tu te rappelles la fois où nous sommes allés en Allemagne?;
    ∎ there's always a first time il y a un début à tout;
    ∎ I've told you a hundred times! je te l'ai dit vingt ou cent fois!;
    ∎ give me a good detective story every time! rien ne vaut un bon roman policier!
    ∎ to have a good time bien s'amuser;
    ∎ she's had a terrible time of it elle a beaucoup souffert;
    ∎ I had the time of my life jamais je ne me suis si bien ou autant amusé;
    ∎ we had an awful time at the picnic nous nous sommes ennuyés à mourir au pique-nique;
    ∎ it was a difficult time for all of us c'était une période difficile pour nous tous;
    ∎ she had a hard time bringing up five children alone ça a été difficile pour elle d'élever cinq enfants seule;
    ∎ to give sb a hard or rough or tough time en faire voir de dures à qn, en faire voir de toutes les couleurs à qn;
    ∎ what a time I had with him! (fun) qu'est-ce que j'ai pu m'amuser avec lui!; (trouble) qu'est-ce qu'il m'en a fait voir!
    ∎ to put in time faire des heures (de travail);
    ∎ to work part/full time travailler à temps partiel/à plein temps;
    ∎ British in company time, American on company time pendant les heures de travail;
    ∎ British in your own time, American on your own time pendant votre temps libre, en dehors des heures de travail
    ∎ we pay time and a half on weekends nous payons les heures du week-end une fois et demie le tarif normal;
    ∎ overtime is paid at double time les heures supplémentaires sont payées ou comptées double
    (o) (usu plural) (era) époque f, temps m;
    ∎ in Victorian times à l'époque victorienne;
    ∎ in the time of Henry IV à l'époque d'Henri IV, du temps d'Henri IV;
    ∎ in times past, in former times autrefois, jadis;
    ∎ in times to come à l'avenir;
    ∎ at one time, things were different autrefois ou dans le temps les choses étaient différentes;
    ∎ the house has seen better times la maison a connu des jours meilleurs;
    ∎ in happier times en un ou des temps plus heureux;
    ∎ in time or times of need/war en temps de pénurie/de guerre;
    ∎ time was when doctors made house calls il fut un temps où les médecins faisaient des visites à domicile;
    ∎ those were happy times! c'était le bon (vieux) temps!;
    ∎ times are hard les temps sont durs;
    ∎ in our time de nos jours;
    ∎ the times we live in l'époque f où nous vivons;
    ∎ in my time children didn't talk back de mon temps, les enfants ne répondaient pas;
    ∎ she was probably a good singer in her time en son temps, c'était sûrement une bonne chanteuse;
    ∎ it was a very popular car in its time c'était une voiture très populaire à l'époque (où elle est sortie);
    ∎ very advanced for its time très en avance sur son temps ou sur l'époque;
    ∎ to be ahead of or before one's time être en avance sur son époque ou sur son temps;
    ∎ to be behind the times être en retard sur son époque ou sur son temps;
    ∎ to keep up with the times vivre avec son temps;
    ∎ to move with the times évoluer avec son temps;
    ∎ times have changed autres temps, autres mœurs
    ∎ I've heard some odd things in my time! j'en ai entendu, des choses, dans ma vie!;
    ∎ it won't happen in our time nous ne serons pas là pour voir ça;
    ∎ if I had my time over again si j'avais à recommencer (ma vie);
    ∎ at my time of life à mon âge;
    ∎ that was before your time (birth) vous n'étiez pas encore né; (arrival) vous n'étiez pas encore là;
    ∎ her time has come (childbirth) elle arrive à son terme; (death) son heure est venue ou a sonné; (success) son heure est venue;
    ∎ he died before his time il est mort avant l'âge
    ∎ it's hot for the time of year il fait chaud pour la saison
    ∎ time's up (on exam, visit) c'est l'heure; (on meter, telephone) le temps est écoulé;
    ∎ British time (gentlemen), please! (in pub) on ferme!;
    ∎ Sport the referee called time l'arbitre a sifflé la fin du match
    ∎ to buy sth on time acheter qch à tempérament ou à terme ou à crédit
    ∎ to do time faire de la taule;
    ∎ he's serving time for murder il est en taule pour meurtre
    (u) Music (tempo) mesure f; (note value) valeur f (d'une note);
    ∎ to keep time, to be in time être en mesure;
    ∎ he beat time with his foot il battait ou marquait la mesure du pied;
    ∎ in triple or three-part time à trois temps
    (v) Radio & Television espace m;
    ∎ to buy/to sell time on television acheter/vendre de l'espace publicitaire à la télévision
    ∎ to make time with sb (pursue) draguer qn; (be with) être avec qn□ (en couple) ; (have sex with) s'envoyer en l'air avec qn
    (a) (on clock → runner, worker, race) chronométrer;
    ∎ they timed her at four minutes a mile ils l'ont chronométrée ou ils ont chronométré son temps à quatre minutes au mille;
    ∎ time how long she takes to finish regardez combien de temps elle met pour finir;
    ∎ he timed his speech to last twenty minutes il a fait en sorte que son discours dure vingt minutes;
    ∎ to time an egg minuter le temps de cuisson d'un œuf
    (b) (schedule) fixer ou prévoir (l'heure de); Photography (exposure) calculer;
    ∎ they timed the attack for 6 o'clock l'attaque était prévue pour 6 heures
    (c) (choose right moment for) choisir ou calculer le moment de;
    ∎ she timed her entrance well elle a bien choisi le moment pour faire son entrée;
    ∎ he timed the blow perfectly il a frappé au bon moment;
    ∎ your remark was perfectly/badly timed votre observation est venue au bon/au mauvais moment
    (d) (synchronize) régler, ajuster;
    ∎ she tried to time her steps to the music elle essayait de régler ses pas sur la musique
    ∎ she's ten times cleverer than or as clever as he is elle est dix fois plus intelligente que lui;
    ∎ he ate four times as much cake as I did il a mangé quatre fois plus de gâteau que moi
    ∎ Mathematics 3 times 2 is 6 3 fois 2 font ou égalent 6;
    ∎ 1 times 6 is 6 une fois six fait ou égale six
    en avance;
    ∎ I'm ten minutes ahead of time j'ai dix minutes d'avance
    ∎ he talked all the time we were at lunch il a parlé pendant tout le déjeuner;
    ∎ he's been watching us all the time il n'a pas cessé de nous regarder;
    ∎ I knew it all the time je le savais depuis le début
    n'importe quand;
    ∎ come over any time venez quand vous voulez;
    ∎ you're welcome any time vous serez toujours le bienvenu;
    ∎ thanks for all your help - any time merci de votre aide - de rien
    ∎ for days at a time pendant des journées entières, des journées durant;
    ∎ to do two things at a time faire deux choses à la fois;
    ∎ take one book at a time prenez les livres un par un ou un (seul) livre à la fois;
    ∎ she ran up the stairs two at a time elle a monté les marches quatre à quatre
    à tous moments
    à toute heure;
    ∎ hot meals at any time repas chauds à toute heure;
    ∎ at any time of day or night à n'importe quelle heure du jour ou de la nuit;
    ∎ at any time during office hours n'importe quand pendant les heures de bureau;
    ∎ he could die at any time il peut mourir d'un moment à l'autre;
    ∎ if at any time… si à l'occasion…
    (a) (simultaneously) en même temps;
    ∎ they all spoke at the same time ils se sont mis à parler tous en même temps;
    ∎ they arrived at the same time (as) he did ils sont arrivés en même temps que lui
    (b) (yet) en même temps;
    ∎ she was pleased but at the same time a bit concerned elle était contente mais en même temps un peu inquiète
    (c) (nevertheless) pourtant, cependant;
    ∎ at the same time, we must not forget… pourtant ou cependant, il ne faut pas oublier…
    ∎ at the time of their wedding au moment de leur mariage;
    ∎ I didn't pay much attention at the time sur le moment, je n'ai pas fait vraiment attention
    parfois, par moments
    en retard;
    ∎ we're a bit behind time nous sommes légèrement en retard;
    ∎ the project was running behind time le projet avait du retard
    pendant un (certain) temps;
    ∎ for a time, he was unable to walk pendant un certain temps, il n'a pas pu marcher
    pour toujours
    pour le moment
    de temps en temps, de temps à autre
    ∎ she'll come to her senses in time elle finira par revenir à la raison;
    ∎ he'll forget about it in (the course of) time il finira par l'oublier (avec le temps)
    ∎ let me know in (good) time prévenez-moi (bien) à l'avance;
    ∎ she arrived in time for the play elle est arrivée à l'heure pour la pièce;
    ∎ you're just in time to greet our guests tu arrives juste à temps pour accueillir nos invités;
    ∎ I'll be back in time for the film je serai de retour à temps pour le film
    (c) Music en mesure;
    ∎ to be or keep in time (with the music) être en mesure (avec la musique)
    en un rien de temps
    de tous les temps
    ∎ why now of all times? pourquoi faut-il que ce soit juste maintenant?
    à l'heure;
    ∎ to run on time (trains etc) être à l'heure;
    ∎ she arrived right on time elle est arrivée juste à l'heure;
    ∎ is the bus on time? est-ce que le bus est à l'heure?
    ∎ Music he got out of time il a perdu la mesure
    maintes et maintes fois
    temps m libre;
    ∎ what do you do in your time off? qu'est-ce que vous faites de votre temps libre?
    (a) Sport temps m mort; (in chess match) temps m de repos;
    ∎ Sport to take time out faire un temps mort
    ∎ I took time out to travel (from work) je me suis mis en congé pour voyager; (from studies) j'ai interrompu mes études pour voyager;
    ∎ she took time out to read the report elle a pris le temps de lire le rapport
    ►► time of arrival heure f d'arrivée;
    Stock Exchange time bargain marché m à terme;
    Finance time bill traite f à terme; also figurative time bomb bombe f à retardement;
    ∎ figurative a demographic time bomb une situation démographique qui menace d'exploser;
    ∎ the situation is like a time bomb ticking away la situation est explosive;
    ∎ figurative they're sitting on a time bomb ils sont assis sur un volcan;
    time capsule capsule f témoin (qui doit servir de témoignage historique aux générations futures);
    Industry time card carte f ou fiche f de pointage;
    time chart (showing time zones) carte f des fuseaux horaires; (showing events) table f d'événements historiques; (showing planning) calendrier m, planning m;
    time check (on radio) rappel m de l'heure; (in cycling, skiing, motor racing) contrôle m du temps intermédiaire;
    Grammar time clause proposition f temporelle;
    Industry time clock pointeuse f;
    time code code m temporel;
    time of departure heure f de départ;
    American Finance time deposit dépôt m à terme;
    time difference décalage m horaire;
    Finance time draft traite f à terme;
    time exposure (of film) (temps m de) pose f; (photograph) photo f prise en pose;
    time frame délai m;
    ∎ what's our time frame? de combien de temps disposons-nous?;
    time fuse détonateur m ou fusée f à retardement;
    time lag (delay) décalage m dans le temps; (in time zones) décalage m horaire;
    time lapse intervalle m, laps m de temps;
    time limit (gen) délai m, date f limite; Law délai m de forclusion;
    ∎ there is a strict time limit for applications il y a un délai impératif ou de rigueur pour la remise des dossiers de candidature;
    ∎ we'll have to set ourselves a time limit for the work il va falloir nous imposer un délai pour finir ce travail;
    ∎ the work must be completed within the time limit le travail doit être terminé avant la date limite;
    Finance time loan emprunt m à terme;
    time machine machine f à voyager dans le temps;
    time management gestion f du temps de travail;
    Marketing time pricing fixation f des prix en fonction du moment;
    time sheet feuille f de présence;
    Radio time signal signal m ou top m horaire;
    Music time signature indication f de la mesure;
    Computing time slice tranche f de temps;
    Computing time slicing temps m partagé;
    time slot créneau m ou tranche f horaire;
    time switch (for oven, heating) minuteur m; (for lighting) minuterie f;
    time travel voyage m dans le temps;
    time traveller personne f qui voyage dans le temps;
    Sport time trial course f contre la montre, contre-la-montre m inv;
    Telecommunications time unit unité f;
    time value Music valeur f (d'une note); Finance valeur f temporelle;
    time warp (in science fiction) faille f spatio-temporelle;
    ∎ it's like living in a time warp c'est comme si on vivait hors du temps;
    ∎ the country seems to have entered a time warp le temps semble s'être arrêté dans le pays;
    ∎ the house/company seems to be caught in a 19th century time warp la maison/la société semble ne pas avoir changé depuis le XIXème siècle;
    time zone fuseau m horaire
    ✾ Book 'The Time Machine' Wells 'La Machine à explorer le temps'
    ⓘ I may be some time Ce sont les mots ("je risque d'en avoir pour un certain temps") qu'aurait prononcés le capitaine Oates lorsqu'il sortit de la tente qu'il occupait avec le capitaine Scott au cours de leur expédition de 1912 au pôle sud. Oates souffrait de gelures multiples et afin de ne pas ralentir la progression de ses camarades, il décida de se sacrifier en disparaissant dans la tourmente. Cet épisode est censé symboliser les qualités d'héroïsme et d'abnégation associées au caractère britannique. Aujourd'hui, on emploie cette formule par allusion à Oates sur le mode humoristique lorsque l'on sort d'une pièce ou bien lorsqu'on va aux toilettes.

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > time

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